ArticleEnvironmental microbiology2009
Tobacco-induced alterations to Porphyromonas gingivalis-host interactions.
Article in Environmental microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Strategies and Genetic Implications for Periodontal Disease Management: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Literature Examining the Effects of Cigarette Smoke and e-Cigarette Vapor on the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Differential antimicrobial activity of two LL37 derivatives against periodontal bacteria, including enhanced efficacy againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Decoding different oxidative stress pathways in periodontitis: a comparative review of mechanisms of traditional tobacco smoke and electronic smoke aerosol.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Toxic cultures: e-cigarettes and the oral microbial exposome.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Smoking Impacts Alzheimer's Disease Progression Through Oral Microbiota Modulation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Tobacco-enhanced biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral microbes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Delineation of global, absolutely essential and conditionally essential pangenomes of Porphyromonas gingivalis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Influence of Smoking on Periodontal and Implant Therapy: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Tobacco smoke exacerbates Filifactor alocis pathogenicity.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2023Article
- Periodontal disease is associated with elevated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2022Article
- The oral microbiome in relation to pancreatic cancer risk in African Americans.British journal of cancer · 2022Article
- The RagA and RagB proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis.Molecular oral microbiology · 2021Review
- Effect of environmental tobacco smoke on COX-2 and SHP-2 expression in a periodontitis rat model.Oral diseases · 2021Article
- Oral Osteomicrobiology: The Role of Oral Microbiota in Alveolar Bone Homeostasis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Periodontal Diseases: Major Exacerbators of Pulmonary Diseases?Pulmonary medicine · 2021Review
- The Impact of Smoking on Subgingival Plaque and the Development of Periodontitis: A Literature Review.Frontiers in oral health · 2021Review
- Interventions to prevent periodontal disease in tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-dependent individuals.Periodontology 2000 · 2020Review
- Porphyromonas gingivalis genes conferring fitness in a tobacco-rich environment.Molecular oral microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Smokers are more susceptible than non-smokers to persistent infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis, a causative agent of periodontitis. Patients who smoke exhibit increased susceptibility to periodontitis and are more likely to display severe disease and be refractory to treatment. Paradoxically, smokers demonstrate reduced clinical inflammation. We show that P. gingivalis cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induce a lower proinflammatory response (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-12 p40) from monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells than do unexposed bacteria. This effect is reversed when CSE-exposed bacteria are subcultured in fresh medium without CSE. Using microarrays representative of the P. gingivalis genome, CSE-exposure resulted in differential regulation of 6.8% of P. gingivalis genes, including detoxification and oxidative stress-related genes; DNA repair genes; and multiple genes related to P. gingivalis virulence, including genes in the major fimbrial and capsular operons. Exposure to CSE also altered the expression of outer membrane proteins, most notably by inducing the virulence factors RagA and RagB, and a putative lipoprotein cotranscribed with the minor fimbrial antigen. Therefore, CSE represents an environmental stress to which P. gingivalis adapts by altering gene expression and outer membrane proteins. These changes may explain, in part, the altered virulence and host-pathogen interactions that have been documented in vivo in smokers with periodontal disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.