ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2009
Complement C3a expression and tryptase degranulation as promising histopathological tests for diagnosing fatal amniotic fluid embolism.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Histological differences among thrombi in thrombotic diseases.Current opinion in hematology · 2025Review
- Summary of clinically diagnosed amniotic fluid embolism cases in Korea and disagreement with 4 criteria proposed for research purpose.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2021Article
- Amniotic Fluid Embolism. Is a New Pregnancy Possible? Case Report.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2017Article
- Two Obese Patients with Presumptive Diagnosis of Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy Presenting at a Community Hospital.The American journal of case reports · 2016Article
- Amniotic fluid embolism pathophysiology suggests the new diagnostic armamentarium: β-tryptase and complement fractions C3-C4 are the indispensable working tools.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
- Amniotic fluid embolism: the known and not known.Obstetric medicine · 2014Review
- Current concepts of immunology and diagnosis in amniotic fluid embolism.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- Amniotic fluid embolism: an evidence-based review.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2009Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To date, the most recent specific diagnostic investigations for amniotic fluid embolism have been unable to conclusively identify any mechanism of disease other than a physical block to the circulation. We selected eight fatal cases in previously healthy women with uneventful singleton term pregnancies who presented to tertiary care centers in Italy for delivery. Pathologic features were assessed immunohistochemically using anti-fibrinogen, anti-tryptase, anti-C(3a), and anti-cytokeratin antibodies. AE1/AE3 cytokeratin stains proved positive, and tryptase-positive material was documented outside pulmonary mast cells. In all studied cases, expression of complement C(3a) was twofold lower than in the control group, suggesting a possible complement activation in AFE, initiated by fetal antigen leaking into the maternal circulation.
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