ReviewAdvanced drug delivery reviews2009
Micro- and macrorheology of mucus.
Review in Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 435 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
435 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Physiological Effects of High-Flow Tracheal Oxygen in Tracheostomized Patients Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation.Respiratory care · 2024Pooled it
- Structured respiratory physiotherapy protocol for resolution of atelectasis in pediatric intensive care.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Trial
- Eosinophil biology in COPD: from scientific insight to clinical treatment action.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Carbocisteine Reduces Airway Mucus Obstruction and Alters Inflammatory Cell Populations in a Model of Muco-Obstructive Lung Disease.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Advances of oral micro- and nanomedicines for modulating intestinal barriers in the treatment of intestinal diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- A Dynamic Gastrointestinal Mucus Simulator for Biorelevant Assessment of Nutrient Mucopenetration: Effects of Mucus Purification, Calcium, and Soluble Fibers.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Reversible, Chemically Triggered Water Retention in Disulfide Cross-Linked Synthetic Conserved Anterior Mucus Proteins (SCAMPs).Macromolecules · 2026Article
- Genitourinary microbiota in older women: a persistent knowledge gap that limits clinical and research progress.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Physical, chemical, and structural properties of human gastric organoid-derived mucus.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2026Article
- Stress-Induced Mechanical Memory in Respiratory Mucus: Anisotropy, Network Reorganization, and Directional Transport.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Research progress and applications of functional hydrogels in nasal wound healing.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Tracing theEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- TheProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Modular design for drug delivery across hierarchical gastrointestinal barriers: From materials to systems.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- The Polymers of Life: Exploring Cellular Function Through Polymer Concepts.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Mechanotherapeutic Modulation of the Nasal Microenvironment: RAMPA-Induced Maxillofacial Remodeling and Its Pathophysiological Impact on Mucus Rheology and Chronic Inflammation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Airway mucins function as endogenous inhibitors of neutrophil extracellular traps.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human lungs fluid mechanics: an overview of current modelling techniques.The European physical journal. E, Soft matter · 2026Review
- Mucoactive Agents in Muco-Obstructive Lung Diseases: A Critical Reappraisal of Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Outcomes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Emergent spatial structure in the gut microbiota is driven by bacterial growth and gut contractions.PLoS biology · 2026Article
375 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mucus is a complex biological material that lubricates and protects the human lungs, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, vagina, eyes, and other moist mucosal surfaces. Mucus serves as a physical barrier against foreign particles, including toxins, pathogens, and environmental ultrafine particles, while allowing rapid passage of selected gases, ions, nutrients, and many proteins. Its selective barrier properties are precisely regulated at the biochemical level across vastly different length scales. At the macroscale, mucus behaves as a non-Newtonian gel, distinguished from classical solids and liquids by its response to shear rate and shear stress, while, at the nanoscale, it behaves as a low viscosity fluid. Advances in the rheological characterization of mucus from the macroscopic to nanoscopic levels have contributed critical understanding to mucus physiology, disease pathology, and the development of drug delivery systems designed for use at mucosal surfaces. This article reviews the biochemistry that governs mucus rheology, the macro- and microrheology of human and laboratory animal mucus, rheological techniques applied to mucus, and the importance of an improved understanding of the physical properties of mucus to advancing the field of drug and gene delivery.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.