Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19165203›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of cancer2009

The key hypoxia regulated gene CAIX is upregulated in basal-like breast tumours and is associated with resistance to chemotherapy.

E Y Tan, M Yan, L Campo, C Han, E Takano, H Turley, I Candiloro, F Pezzella, K C Gatter, E K A Millar and 7 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of cancer, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Prospective pilot study with [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
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  18. Recent Advances ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
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54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

E Y TanNuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
M Yan
L Campo
C Han
E Takano
H Turley
I Candiloro
F Pezzella
K C Gatter
E K A Millar
S A O'Toole
C M McNeil
P Crea
D Segara
R L Sutherland
A L Harris
S B Fox
Garvan Institute of Medical Research · AUJohn Radcliffe Hospital · GBThe University of Melbourne · AUCancer Research UK · GBSt Vincent's Clinic · AU

Funding

Cancer Research UK
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Basal-like tumours account for 15% of invasive breast carcinomas and are associated with a poorer prognosis and resistance to therapy. We hypothesised that this aggressive phenotype is because of an intrinsically elevated hypoxic response. Microarrayed tumours from 188 patients were stained for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)1, PHD2, PHD3 and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH)-1, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX stained in 456 breast tumours. Tumour subtypes were correlated with standard clincopathological parameters as well as hypoxic markers. Out of 456 tumours 62 (14%) tumours were basal-like. These tumours were positively correlated with high tumour grade (P<0.001) and were associated with a significantly worse disease-free survival compared with luminal tumours (P<0.001). Fifty percent of basal-like tumours expressed HIF-1alpha, and more than half expressed at least one of the PHD enzymes and FIH-1. Basal-like tumours were nine times more likely to be associated with CAIX expression (P<0.001) in a multivariate analysis. Carbonic anhydrase IX expression was positively correlated with tumour size (P=0.005), tumour grade (P<0.001) and oestrogen receptor (ER) negativity (P<0.001). Patients with any CAIX-positive breast tumour phenotype and in the basal tumour group had a significantly worse prognosis than CAIX-negative tumours when treated with chemotherapy (P<0.001 and P=0.03, respectively). The association between basal phenotype and CAIX suggests that the more aggressive behaviour of these tumours is partly due to an enhanced hypoxic response. Further, the association with chemoresistance in CAIX-positive breast tumours and basal-like tumours in particular raises the possibility that targeted therapy against HIF pathway or downstream genes such as CAs may be an approach to investigate for these patients.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, NeoplasmAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntigens, NeoplasmAntineoplastic AgentsBiomarkers, TumorBreast NeoplasmsCarbonic Anhydrase IXCarbonic AnhydrasesDioxygenasesGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHomeodomain ProteinsHumansHypoxiaHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitAntigens, NeoplasmAntineoplastic AgentsBiomarkers, TumorCA9 protein, humanCarbonic Anhydrase IXCarbonic AnhydrasesDioxygenasesEGLN1 protein, humanEGLN3 protein, humanHIF1AN protein, humanHIF1A protein, humanHomeodomain ProteinsHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitHypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline DioxygenasesMixed Function OxygenasesPHF12 protein, humanProcollagen-Proline DioxygenaseRepressor ProteinsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID19165203
PMCPMC2634728
OpenAlexW2017256144

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.