ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2009
Environmental exposures and invasive meningococcal disease: an evaluation of effects on varying time scales.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between seasonal respiratory virus activity and invasive pneumococcal disease in central Ontario, Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and genetic diversity of invasive Neisseria meningitidis strains circulating in Portugal from 2003 to 2020.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Invasive meningococcal disease in older adults in North America and Europe: is this the time for action? A review of the literature.BMC public health · 2022Review
- The incidence of mumps in Taiwan and its association with the meteorological parameters: An observational study.Medicine · 2021Observational
- The epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease and the utility of vaccination in Malta.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
- Assessing Seasonality Variation with Harmonic Regression: Accommodations for Sharp Peaks.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Diversity of meningococci associated with invasive meningococcal disease in the Republic of Ireland over a 19 year period, 1996-2015.PloS one · 2020Article
- Seasonal Patterns of Japanese Encephalitis and Associated Meteorological Factors in Taiwan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Effects of meteorological factors on the incidence ofAfrican health sciences · 2017Article
- Paediatric meningococcaemia in northwestern Ontario, Canada: a case for publicly funded meningococcal B vaccination.JMM case reports · 2016Article
- Climate, demographic factors and geographical variations in the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease in Italy.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Article
- The association between the incidence of mumps and meteorological parameters in Taiwan.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Italy, 2008/09-2012/13.PloS one · 2015Article
- Climate change and cerebrospinal meningitis in the Ghanaian meningitis belt.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Article
- The association between enterovirus 71 infections and meteorological parameters in Taiwan.PloS one · 2012Article
- An estimate of the global reduction in mortality rates through doubling vitamin D levels.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2011Review
- Variability and diversity of nasopharyngeal microbiota in children: a metagenomic analysis.PloS one · 2011Article
- Respiratory virus infection and risk of invasive meningococcal disease in central Ontario, Canada.PloS one · 2010Article
- Meningococcal disease and climate.Global health action · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an important cause of meningitis and bacteremia worldwide. Seasonal variation in IMD incidence has long been recognized, but mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain poorly understood. The authors sought to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on IMD risk in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a major urban center. Associations between monthly weather patterns and IMD incidence were evaluated using multivariable Poisson regression models controlling for seasonal oscillation. Short-term weather effects were identified using a case-crossover approach. Both study designs control for seasonal factors that might otherwise confound the relation between environment and IMD. Incidence displayed significant wintertime seasonality (for oscillation, P < 0.001), and Poisson regression identified elevated monthly risk with increasing relative humidity (per 1% increase, incidence rate ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.004, 1.08). Case-crossover methods identified an inverse relation between ultraviolet B radiation index 1-4 days prior to onset and disease risk (odds ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.34, 0.85). Extended periods of high humidity and acute changes in ambient ultraviolet B radiation predict IMD occurrence in Philadelphia. The latter effect may be due to decreased pathogen survival or virulence and may explain the wintertime seasonality of IMD in temperate regions of North America.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.