ArticleBMC cancer2009
The critical role of ERK in death resistance and invasiveness of hypoxia-selected glioblastoma cells.
Article in BMC cancer, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of glutamate receptors in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Physical Forces in Glioblastoma Migration: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- MEK Inhibition in Glioblastoma: Current Perspectives and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Metabolomics and Proteomics in Glioblastoma Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Matrix Hyaluronic Acid and Hypoxia Influence a CD133Tissue engineering. Part A · 2022Article
- The HIF-1α pathway plays a critical role in salivary gland development in ex vivo organ cultures.FEBS open bio · 2022Article
- Role of MEK-ERK signaling mediated adhesion of glioma cells to extra-cellular matrix: Possible implication on migration and proliferation.Annals of neurosciences · 2019Article
- Hypoxia activates enhanced invasive potential and endogenous hyaluronic acid production by glioblastoma cells.Biomaterials science · 2018Article
- Subcellular distribution of ERK phosphorylation in tyrosine and threonine depends on redox status in murine lung cells.PloS one · 2018Article
- RUNX1 Regulates Migration, Invasion, and Angiogenesis via p38 MAPK Pathway in Human Glioblastoma.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2017Article
- PACAP and VIP Inhibit the Invasiveness of Glioblastoma Cells Exposed to Hypoxia through the Regulation of HIFs and EGFR Expression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2016Article
- Hypoxia enhances cholangiocarcinoma invasion through activation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor and the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase signaling pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2015Article
- MEK/ERK pathway is positively involved in hypoxia-induced vasculogenic mimicry formation in hepatocellular carcinoma which is regulated negatively by protein kinase A.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2015Article
- Effects of hypoxia on human cancer cell line chemosensitivity.BMC cancer · 2013Article
- Altered APP Carboxyl-Terminal Processing Under Ferrous Iron Treatment in PC12 Cells.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2013Article
- Inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1 suppresses proliferation of glioma cells under hypoxia by attenuating activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase.Cell proliferation · 2012Article
- The protective role of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) against acute hypobaric hypoxia.Cell stress & chaperones · 2011Article
- Glioblastoma chemotherapy adjunct via potent serotonin receptor-7 inhibition using currently marketed high-affinity antipsychotic medicines.British journal of pharmacology · 2010Review
- Establishment and characterization of a new hypoxia-resistant cancer cell line, OCUM-12/Hypo, derived from a scirrhous gastric carcinoma.British journal of cancer · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe rapid growth of tumor parenchyma leads to chronic hypoxia that can result in the selection of cancer cells with a more aggressive behavior and death-resistant potential to survive and proliferate. Thus, identifying the key molecules and molecular mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic changes associated with chronic hypoxia has valuable implications for the development of a therapeutic modality. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular basis of the phenotypic changes triggered by chronic repeated hypoxia.
methodsHypoxia-resistant T98G (HRT98G) cells were selected by repeated exposure to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Cell death rate was determined by the trypan blue exclusion method and protein expression levels were examined by western blot analysis. The invasive phenotype of the tumor cells was determined by the Matrigel invasion assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of proteins in the brain tumor samples. The Student T-test and Pearson Chi-Square test was used for statistical analyses.
resultsWe demonstrate that chronic repeated hypoxic exposures cause T98G cells to survive low oxygen tension. As compared with parent cells, hypoxia-selected T98G cells not only express higher levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and phosphorylated ERK, but they also have a more invasive potential in Matrigel invasion chambers. Activation or suppression of ERK pathways with a specific activator or inhibitor, respectively, indicates that ERK is a key molecule responsible for death resistance under hypoxic conditions and a more invasive phenotype. Finally, we show that the activation of ERK is more prominent in malignant glioblastomas exposed to hypoxia than in low grade astrocytic glial tumors.
conclusionOur study suggests that activation of ERK plays a pivotal role in death resistance under chronic hypoxia and phenotypic changes related to the invasive phenotype of HRT98G cells compared to parent cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.