ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2009
Neural tube defects: an analysis of neighbourhood- and individual-level socio-economic characteristics.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Folic acid to reduce neonatal mortality from neural tube disorders.International journal of epidemiology · 2010Pooled it
- Healthcare utilization in patients with spina bifida and bone fractures.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Prevalence and maternal-child clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with congenital anomalies in a Mexican hospital-based setting.Intractable & rare diseases research · 2026Article
- Burden of neural tube defects in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2021: Findings from the global burden of disease study.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- The Neural Tube CURE: Engaging undergraduate students in a relevant developmental biology research course.Developmental biology · 2025Review
- Maternal and gestational factors associated with congenital anomalies among live births: a nationwide population-based study in Brazil from 2012 to 2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Myelomeningocele in the Pediatric Neurosurgery Department at Bernard Mevs Hospital in Haiti: A Retrospective Analysis.Neurosurgery practice · 2025Article
- Risk factors for neural tube defects in the war and siege-affected tigray regional state of ethiopia: a case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Article
- Sociodemographic factors and health-related, neuropsychological, and psychosocial functioning in youth with spina bifida.Rehabilitation psychology · 2021Article
- Closing in on Mechanisms of Open Neural Tube Defects.Trends in neurosciences · 2020Review
- Finding the genetic mechanisms of folate deficiency and neural tube defects-Leaving no stone unturned.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2017Review
- Epidemiology of the neural tube defects in Kashmir Valley.Surgical neurology international · 2016Article
- Neighborhood-Based Socioeconomic Position and Risk of Oral Clefts Among Offspring.American journal of public health · 2015Article
- Air Pollution, Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Factors, and Neural Tube Defects in the San Joaquin Valley of California.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2015Article
- Epidemiology, prenatal management, and prevention of neural tube defects.Saudi medical journal · 2014Review
- Genetic evidence in planar cell polarity signaling pathway in human neural tube defects.Frontiers of medicine · 2014Review
- Risk factors for neural tube defects in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia: Case-control study.Sudanese journal of paediatrics · 2014Article
- Multilevel factors influencing preterm birth in an urban setting.Urban, planning and transport research · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several studies have reported that neural tube defects (NTD) occur more frequently among children born to women of lower socio-economic status (SES). This study investigated the relationship between individual- and neighbourhood-level SES and the risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy. Data were drawn from a population-based case-control study of fetuses and infants among a cohort of California births between July 1999 and June 2003. Information on individual SES was obtained via telephone interviews with mothers of 337 (76% of eligible) cases and 626 (79% of eligible) non-malformed liveborn controls. Respondents' addresses were linked to the 2000 US Census to characterise six measures of neighbourhood SES (education, poverty, unemployment, occupation, crowding and rental occupancy). The analyses indicated that relative to women with a high school education, those with less than a high school education had a 1.7-fold increased risk of delivering infants with NTDs [95% CI 1.2, 2.6]. Twofold elevated risks for NTDs were observed for women with less than a high school education who lived in neighbourhoods where a majority of residents had not graduated from high school [95% CI 1.3, 3.1]. No consistent risk gradients were observed between NTD-affected pregnancies and indicators of lower neighbourhood SES. Results for phenotype subgroups were similar to those for all cases. Low maternal education was associated with an elevated risk of NTD in offspring. This risk varied by the education profile of the neighbourhood: women who did not graduate from high school and lived in less educated neighbourhoods exhibited a higher risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.