ArticleJournal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes2009
Progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement.
Article in Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Demonstrating the ability of GABAergic cells in the zona incerta to modulate motivation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Multidimensional Framework for Behavioral Persistence: Dissociable Dimensions of Effort, Endurance, and Sequence Stability in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An examination of the interaction between the interoceptive and reinforcing properties of morphine: a self-administration study in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Contraceptive hormone ethinyl estradiol but not levonorgestrel modulates the role of reinforcer-enhancement in nicotine self-administration in ovary-intact female Sprague-Dawley rats.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Inhibition of striatal indirect pathway during second postnatal week leads to long-lasting deficits in motivated behavior.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Motivational dysregulation with melanocortin 4 receptor haploinsufficiency.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2024Article
- Training-induced circuit-specific excitatory synaptogenesis in mice is required for effort control.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A reinforcement learning model with choice traces for a progressive ratio schedule.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Appetitive Pavlovian conditioning of the stimulus effects of nicotine enhances later nicotine self-administration.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Article
- Prenatal metal mixture concentrations and reward motivation in children.Neurotoxicology · 2022Article
- Inactivation of posterior but not anterior dorsomedial caudate-putamen impedes learning with self-administered nicotine stimulus in male rats.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Conditioned enhancement of the nicotine reinforcer.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Moderate prenatal ethanol exposure leads to attention deficits in both male and female rats.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- Western Diet Consumption During Development: Setting the Stage for Neurocognitive Dysfunction.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- The Relevance of Operant Behavior in Conceptualizing the Psychological Well-Being of Captive Animals.Perspectives on behavior science · 2020Article
- Dissociating the effects of dopamine D2 receptors on effort-based versus value-based decision making using a novel behavioral approach.Behavioral neuroscience · 2020Article
- Can Slot-Machine Reward Schedules Induce Gambling Addiction in Rats?Journal of gambling studies · 2019Article
- Conditioned taste aversion versus avoidance: A re-examination of the separate processes hypothesis.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pigeons' pecks produced grain under progressive ratio (PR) schedules, whose response requirements increased systematically within sessions. Experiment 1 compared arithmetic (AP) and geometric (GP) progressions. Response rates increased as a function of the component ratio requirement, then decreased linearly (AP) or asymptotically (GP). Experiment 2 found the linear decrease in AP rates to be relatively independent of step size. Experiment 3 showed pausing to be controlled by the prior component length, which predicted the differences between PR and regressive ratio schedules found in Experiment 4. When the longest component ratios were signaled by different key colors, rates at moderate ratios increased, demonstrating control by forthcoming context. Models for response rate and pause duration based on Bizo and Killeen (1997) described performance on AP schedules; GP schedules required an additional parameter representing the contextual reinforcement.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.