ArticleClinical orthopaedics and related research2009
Evaluation of CAND2 and WNT7a as candidate genes for congenital idiopathic clubfoot.
Article in Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2018Pooled it
- Genetics, epidemiology and management of clubfoot and related disorders.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Integrated bioinformatics analysis of potential pathway biomarkers using abnormal proteins in clubfoot.PeerJ · 2020Article
- Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method-preliminary results.International orthopaedics · 2018Article
- Zika Virus Causes Persistent Infection in Porcine Conceptuses and may Impair Health in Offspring.EBioMedicine · 2017Article
- A systematic review of association studies of common variants associated with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) in humans in the past 30 years.SpringerPlus · 2016Review
- A case of severe proximal focal femoral deficiency with overlapping phenotypes of Al-Awadi-Raas-Rothschild syndrome and Fuhrmann syndrome.Pediatric radiology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Congenital idiopathic clubfoot is a common pediatric musculoskeletal deformity with no known etiology. The deformity reportedly follows a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. Recent work has demonstrated linkage in chromosome 3 and 13 in a large, multigeneration, highly penetrant family with idiopathic clubfoot. From the linkage region on chromosome 3, we selected the candidate genes CAND2 and WNT7a, which are involved in lower extremity development, and hypothesized mutations in these genes would be associated with the phenotype of congenital idiopathic clubfoot. The CAND2 gene was sequenced in 256 clubfoot patients, and 75 control patients, while WNT7a was screened using 56 clubfoot patients and 50 control patients. We found a polymorphism in each gene, but the single nucleotide change in CAND2 was a silent mutation that did not alter the amino acid product, and the single nucleotide change in WNT7a was in the upstream, non-coding or promoter region before the start codon. Based on these results it is unlikely CAND2 and WNT7a are the major genes that causes clubfoot, however WNT7a might be one of many genes that could increase susceptibility to develop clubfoot but do not directly cause it.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.