ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2009
A conserved insulator that recruits CTCF and cohesin exists between the closely related but divergently regulated interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor genes.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Two Faces of NFAT Transcription Factors in LymphocytesBiomolecules · 2026Review
- An upstream secondary DNA motif within the IL3 insulator CTCF binding site is required for enhancer-blocking insulator activity.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Clinicopathological Impact of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Gene Expression and Different Molecular Prognostic Biomarkers in Egyptian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- The Role of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Murine Models of Multiple Sclerosis.Cells · 2020Review
- T Cell Receptor and Cytokine Signaling Can Function at Different Stages to Establish and Maintain Transcriptional Memory and Enable T Helper Cell Differentiation.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- The LMO2 -25 Region Harbours GATA2-Dependent Myeloid Enhancer and RUNX-Dependent T-Lymphoid Repressor Activity.PloS one · 2015Article
- Nr4a3, a possibile oncogenic factor for neuroblastoma associated with CpGi methylation within the third exon.International journal of oncology · 2014Article
- Evolution of transcription factor binding in metazoans - mechanisms and functional implications.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2014Review
- Wellington: a novel method for the accurate identification of digital genomic footprints from DNase-seq data.Nucleic acids research · 2013Article
- Insulators target active genes to transcription factories and polycomb-repressed genes to polycomb bodies.PLoS genetics · 2013Article
- Identification and characterization of enhancer-blocking insulators to reduce retroviral vector genotoxicity.PloS one · 2013Article
- The inducible tissue-specific expression of the human IL-3/GM-CSF locus is controlled by a complex array of developmentally regulated enhancers.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- Enhancers and silencers: an integrated and simple model for their function.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2012Article
- Widespread site-dependent buffering of human regulatory polymorphism.PLoS genetics · 2012Article
- NF-κB and BRG1 bind a distal regulatory element in the IL-3/GM-CSF locus.Molecular immunology · 2011Article
- Can corruption of chromosome cohesion create a conduit to cancer?Nature reviews. Cancer · 2011Review
- Transcriptional repression and DNA looping associated with a novel regulatory element in the final exon of the lymphotoxin-β gene.Genes and immunity · 2011Article
- Runx1 binds as a dimeric complex to overlapping Runx1 sites within a palindromic element in the human GM-CSF enhancer.Nucleic acids research · 2010Article
- Positive regulation of c-Myc by cohesin is direct, and evolutionarily conserved.Developmental biology · 2010Article
- Interchromosomal association and gene regulation in trans.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF, or CSF2) gene cluster arose by duplication of an ancestral gene. Although just 10 kb apart and responsive to the same signals, the IL-3 and GM-CSF genes are nevertheless regulated independently by separate, tissue-specific enhancers. To understand the differential regulation of the IL-3 and GM-CSF genes we have investigated a cluster of three ubiquitous DNase I-hypersensitive sites (DHSs) located between the two genes. We found that each site contains a conserved CTCF consensus sequence, binds CTCF, and recruits the cohesin subunit Rad21 in vivo. The positioning of these sites relative to the IL-3 and GM-CSF genes and their respective enhancers is conserved between human and mouse, suggesting a functional role in the organization of the locus. We found that these sites effectively block functional interactions between the GM-CSF enhancer and either the IL-3 or the GM-CSF promoter in reporter gene assays. These data argue that the regulation of the IL-3 and the GM-CSF promoters depends on the positions of their enhancers relative to the conserved CTCF/cohesin-binding sites. We suggest that one important role of these sites is to enable the independent regulation of the IL-3 and GM-CSF genes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.