ArticleJournal of virology2009
Site of human rhinovirus RNA uncoating revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Open questions in enterovirus uncoating.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Reframing clathrin-mediated viral entry: evidence standards, context dependence and host-directed vulnerabilities.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Unlocking the secrets of Feline calicivirus: advances in structural and nonstructural proteins and its role as a key model for other Caliciviruses.Virology journal · 2025Review
- VP2 mediates the release of the feline calicivirus RNA genome by puncturing the endosome membrane of infected cells.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Stabilization of the Quadruplex-Forming G-Rich Sequences in the Rhinovirus Genome Inhibits Uncoating-Role of NaViruses · 2023Article
- 3-Dimensional coculture of breast cancer cell lines with adipose tissue-Derived stem cells reveals the efficiency of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus infectionFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Impairing the function of MLCK, myosin Va or myosin Vb disrupts Rhinovirus B14 replication.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Principles of Virus Uncoating: Cues and the Snooker Ball.Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) · 2016Review
- Rhinoviruses and Their Receptors: Implications for Allergic Disease.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2016Review
- TRIM21: a cytosolic Fc receptor with broad antibody isotype specificity.Immunological reviews · 2015Review
- The Rhinovirus subviral a-particle exposes 3'-terminal sequences of its genomic RNA.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Effect of cysteine mutations in the extracellular domain of CM2 on the influenza C virus replication.PloS one · 2013Article
- Productive entry pathways of human rhinoviruses.Advances in virology · 2012Article
- Liposomal nanocontainers as models for viral infection: monitoring viral genomic RNA transfer through lipid membranes.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Role of the CM2 protein in the influenza C virus replication cycle.Journal of virology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
By using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), we visualized viral RNA of human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2) during its entry into HeLa cells. RNA uncoating of HRV2 is entirely dependent on low endosomal pH (< or =5.6). When internalized into cells treated with bafilomycin, which results in neutralization of the endosomal pH, no FISH signal was recorded, whereas in the absence of the drug, fluorescent dots were seen. Therefore, FISH detects the genomic viral RNA only upon its release from the capsid. Free viral RNA was first seen at 10 min postinfection (p.i.) in the perinuclear area of the cell, which is indicative of RNA release in/from late endosomal compartments. Pulse-chase experiments and observation of HRV2 RNA and capsid proteins via microscopy, Western blotting, and reverse transcription-PCR revealed that the RNA signal persisted whereas the protein signal disappeared. This demonstrates transport of capsids to lysosomes and degradation. In contrast, viral RNA that had already been transferred into the cytoplasm escaped lysosomal breakdown as indicated by a persistent FISH signal. Taken together, our results demonstrate by direct means RNA arrival in the cytosol within 10 min p.i. Based on persistence of the FISH signal and productive infection in the presence of the microtubule-depolymerizing drug nocodazole, we localized this process to endosomal carrier vesicles/late endosomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.