ArticleTobacco control2009
The impact of smoking and quitting on household expenditure patterns and medical care costs in China.
Article in Tobacco control, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cigarette consumption from a life-course perspective in low- and middle-income countries.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Article
- Crowding-out effect of tobacco consumption in Indonesia.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Association of Householder Smoking With Poverty and the Mediating Effect of NCDs in Relatively Underdeveloped Regions in China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in tobacco expenditure in Iran: a cross-sectional analysis at national and subnational levels.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Smoking among Gambian Men: A Cross-Sectional National WHO STEP Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Premature mortality attributable to smoking among Tunisian men in 2009.Tobacco induced diseases · 2019Article
- Relationship between smoking and health and education spending in Chile.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- Distributional benefits of tobacco tax and smoke-free workplaces in China: A modeling study.Journal of global health · 2017Article
- Cigarette smoking reduced renal function deterioration in hypertensive patients may be mediated by elevated homocysteine.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Family Smoking, Exposure to Secondhand Smoke at Home and Family Unhappiness in Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Tobacco use and household expenditures on food, education, and healthcare in low- and middle-income countries: a multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Financial versus health motivation to quit smoking: a randomized field study.Preventive medicine · 2014Article
- Effective tobacco control is key to rapid progress in reduction of non-communicable diseases.Lancet (London, England) · 2012Review
- Descriptive data on cancerous lung lesions detected by auto-fluorescence bronchoscope: A five-year study.Annals of thoracic medicine · 2012Article
- Trends in smoking and quitting in China from 1993 to 2003: National Health Service Survey data.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking remains very common in Chinese men, and the economic burden caused by cigarette consumption on smokers and their families may be substantial. Using a large nationally representative household survey, the third National Health Services Survey (NHSS, 2003), we estimated the economic impact of smoking on households.
methodsSmoking status of all household members (over 15 years) was collected by interview for the NHSS, and households classified into one of seven categories based on their smoking status. Information on household income and expenditure, and use of health services was also obtained. We assessed both the "direct" costs (reducing funds available for spending on other commodities such as food, education, medical care, etc, using a fractional logit model), and "indirect costs" (increasing medical expenditures, using a log-linear model).
resultsEvery five packets of cigarettes consumed per capita per month reduces household spending on other commodities, most notably on education (by about 17 yuan per capita per annum) and medical care (11 yuan). The effects are greatest among low-income rural households. Households with quitters spend substantially more on medical care than never-smoking households (64 yuan for households with two or more quitters).
conclusionsIf a household member smokes, there is less money available for commodities such as education and medical care. Medical care expenditure is substantially higher among households with quitters, as ill-health is the main reason for quitting smoking in China. Smoking impoverishes a substantial number of poorer rural households.
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