ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
Cytomegalovirus-infected human endothelial cells can stimulate allogeneic CD4+ memory T cells by releasing antigenic exosomes.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Cytomegalovirus in HIV: A Modifiable Driver of Inflammation, Frailty, and Aging.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- HCMV infection disrupts barrier functions and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a cholangiocyte organoid model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CD169Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Host-virus resilience networks and viral inflammaging circuits in aging and long COVID: a CMV-centered perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Intercellular highways of viral spread: tunneling nanotubes and extracellular vesicles at the maternal-fetal interface.Current opinion in virology · 2025Review
- A Primer on Proteomic Characterization of Intercellular Communication in a Virus Microenvironment.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2025Review
- Review
- In situ visualization of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicle formation in steady state and malignant conditions.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Intercellular Transport of Viral Proteins.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Proteome encoded determinants of protein sorting into extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Dual impacts of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on cancer cells: unravelling complex interactions.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2023Review
- Host-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Blood and Tissue Human Protozoan Infections.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Exosomal release of the virus-encoded chemokine receptor US28 contributes to chemokine scavenging.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- HPV-Related Cervical Cancer and Extracellular Vesicles.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human CMV infection is controlled by T cell-mediated immunity and in immunosuppressed transplant patients it is associated with acute allograft rejection as well as chronic allograft vasculopathy. CMV infects endothelial cells (EC) and it is thought that CMV-specific host immune responses to infected allograft EC contribute to rejection. In vitro, CD4(+) T cells from CMV-positive donors (but not CMV-negative donors) are readily activated by CMV-infected allogeneic EC, although it is unclear how allogeneic CMV-infected EC activate self-class II MHC-restricted memory CD4(+) T cells. In this study, we confirm that purified CD4(+) T cells from CMV(+) donors are activated by allogeneic CMV-infected EC, but find that the response is dependent upon copurified APC expressing class II MHC that are autologous to the T cells. The transfer of CMV Ags from infected EC to APC can be mediated by EC-derived exosome-like particles. These results provide a mechanism by which CMV can exacerbate allograft rejection and suggest a novel function of EC-derived exosomes that could contribute in a more general manner to immune surveillance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.