ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2009
How reliable are the risk estimates for X-ray examinations in forensic age estimations? A safety update.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Forensic age estimation at the 15- and 18-year thresholds using MRI of the wrist: application of the Vieth staging method.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- From cartilage to bone: the utility of ultrasonography in age estimation using forearm bones: a novel scoring system approach.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Forensic age estimation using Dedouit classification in adolescents of the Southwestern Chinese Han population based on the knee MRI.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging for multi-factorial age estimation using Bayes' rule: a validation study in two independent samples.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis for forensic age estimation - raised arms position recommended.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Postmortem computed tomography assessment of skeletal and dental age in Polish children, adolescents, and young adults.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Automated bone age assessment from knee joint by integrating deep learning and MRI-based radiomics.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of distal tibial epiphysis and calcaneal epiphysis according to the Vieth method in 3.0 T magnetic resonance images: a pilot study.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- Skeletal and dental age estimation via postmortem computed tomography in Polish subadults group.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- Age estimation in the living: cervical ring apophysis development in a Turkish sample using CT.International journal of legal medicine · 2020Article
- Computed tomography-based age estimation of illiac crests calcification in 10-29 year-old individuals.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2019Article
- The completely fused medial clavicular epiphysis in high-frequency ultrasound scans as a diagnostic criterion for forensic age estimations in the living.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- Computed tomography evaluation of the iliac crest apophysis: age estimation in living individuals.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- Virtual anthropology: useful radiological tools for age assessment in clinical forensic medicine and thanatology.La Radiologia medica · 2015Review
- Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis.International journal of legal medicine · 2015Article
- Age estimation for forensic purposes in Italy: ethical issues.International journal of legal medicine · 2014Article
- Sonographic assessment of the ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis in 616 individuals.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2013Article
- Morphology as a cause for different classification of the ossification stage of the medial clavicular epiphysis by ultrasound, computed tomography, and macroscopy.International journal of legal medicine · 2013Article
- Radiographic analysis of epiphyseal fusion at knee joint to assess likelihood of having attained 18 years of age.International journal of legal medicine · 2012Article
- Reliability of Schmeling's stages of ossification of medial clavicular epiphyses and its validity to assess 18 years of age in living subjects.International journal of legal medicine · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Possible biological side effects of exposure to X-rays are stochastic effects such as carcinogenesis and genetic alterations. In recent years, a number of new studies have been published about the special cancer risk that children may suffer from diagnostic X-rays. Children and adolescents who constitute many of the probands in forensic age-estimation proceedings are considerably more sensitive to the carcinogenic risks of ionizing radiation than adults. Established doses for X-ray examinations in forensic age estimations vary from less than 0.1 microSv (left hand X-ray) up to more than 800 microSv (computed tomography). Computed tomography in children, as a relatively high-dose procedure, is of particular interest because the doses involved are near to the lower limit of the doses observed and analyzed in A-bombing survivor studies. From these studies, direct epidemiological data exist concerning the lifetime cancer risk. Since there is no medical indication for forensic age examinations, it should be stressed that only safe methods are generally acceptable. This paper reviews current knowledge on cancer risks associated with diagnostic radiation and aims to help forensic experts, dentists, and pediatricians evaluate the risk from radiation when using X-rays in age-estimation procedures.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.