ArticleJournal of virology2009
Macrophages in vaginal but not intestinal mucosa are monocyte-like and permissive to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 188 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Fcγ receptor IIIa genotype with the rate of HIV infection after gp120 vaccination.Blood · 2012Trial
- Mucosal immunity: mechanism and application in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Impact of bacterial vaginosis on sexually transmitted viral infections: a bacterial point of view.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The spatial biology of HIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- A macrophage-cell model of HIV latency reveals the unusual importance of the bromodomain axis.Virology journal · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Myeloid Reservoirs - Contributors to Viral Persistence and Pathogenesis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Review
- The Hidden Enemy Within: Uncovering the Secrets of HIV Tissues Reservoirs and Current mRNA Vaccine DevelopmentCurrent HIV research · 2024Review
- Article
- Inferring Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Proviral Integration Dates With Bayesian Inference.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Antigen Presenting Cell-Mediated HIV-1Medical research archives · 2023Article
- HIV-1 prehairpin intermediate inhibitors show efficacy independent of neutralization tier.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Antibody Fc-chimerism and effector functions: When IgG takes advantage of IgA.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Identification of CX3CR1iScience · 2022Article
- HIV-1 cell-to-cell spread overcomes the virus entry block of non-macrophage-tropic strains in macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is associated with protection against HIV.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes Down-Modulate CD4 Expression Reducing HIV Entry in Human Type-1 Macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Gardnerella vaginalis induces NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in macrophages and THP-1 monocytes.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Review
- Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces play a major role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission and pathogenesis, and yet the role of lamina propria macrophages in mucosal HIV-1 infection has received little investigative attention. We report here that vaginal and intestinal macrophages display distinct phenotype and HIV-1 permissiveness profiles. Vaginal macrophages expressed the innate response receptors CD14, CD89, CD16, CD32, and CD64 and the HIV-1 receptor/coreceptors CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4, similar to monocytes. Consistent with this phenotype, green fluorescent protein-tagged R5 HIV-1 entered macrophages in explanted vaginal mucosa as early as 30 min after inoculation of virus onto the epithelium, and purified vaginal macrophages supported substantial levels of HIV-1 replication by a panel of highly macrophage-tropic R5 viruses. In sharp contrast, intestinal macrophages expressed no detectable, or very low levels of, innate response receptors and HIV-1 receptor/coreceptors and did not support HIV-1 replication, although virus occasionally entered macrophages in intestinal tissue explants. Thus, vaginal, but not intestinal, macrophages are monocyte-like and permissive to R5 HIV-1 after the virus has translocated across the epithelium. These findings suggest that genital and gut macrophages have different roles in mucosal HIV-1 pathogenesis and that vaginal macrophages play a previously underappreciated but potentially important role in mucosal HIV-1 infection in the female genital tract.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.