ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2009
Growth of enterococci in unaltered, unseeded beach sands subjected to tidal wetting.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Review of the Human Health Risks from Microbial Hazards in Recreational Beach Sand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Sentinel-2 enabled E. coli and Enterococcus faecal bacteria surveillance in coastal-recreational waters.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of water quality on causes of calf mortality in cattle-farm-associated epidemics.Archives animal breeding · 2024Article
- The Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Movement Protein Gene Is a Novel Microbial Source Tracking Marker.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Tomato brown rugose fruit virus Mo gene is a novel microbial source tracking marker.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Enterococcus exceedances related to environmental variability at New Jersey ocean beaches.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2022Article
- Environmental Factors Correlated with Culturable Enterococci Concentrations in Tropical Recreational Waters: A Case Study in Escambron Beach, San Juan, Puerto Rico.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Coliphages and Gastrointestinal Illness in Recreational Waters: Pooled Analysis of Six Coastal Beach Cohorts.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Article
- Surface Sampling Collection and Culture Methods for Escherichia coli in Household Environments with High Fecal Contamination.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Regional Assessment of Human Fecal Contamination in Southern California Coastal Drainages.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Sources and persistence of fecal indicator bacteria andWater, air, and soil pollution · 2017Article
- Distribution and Differential Survival of Traditional and Alternative Indicators of Fecal Pollution at Freshwater Beaches.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Occurrence of Host-Associated Fecal Markers on Child Hands, Household Soil, and Drinking Water in Rural Bangladeshi Households.Environmental science & technology letters · 2016Article
- Wave energy level and geographic setting correlate with Florida beach water quality.Marine pollution bulletin · 2016Article
- Virulence Genes among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Coastal Beaches and Human and Nonhuman Sources in Southern California and Puerto Rico.Journal of pathogens · 2016Article
- Influence of Land Use, Nutrients, and Geography on Microbial Communities and Fecal Indicator Abundance at Lake Michigan Beaches.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- A predictive model for microbial counts on beaches where intertidal sand is the primary source.Marine pollution bulletin · 2015Article
- Contribution of sand-associated enterococci to dry weather water quality.Environmental science & technology · 2015Article
- Discovering new indicators of fecal pollution.Trends in microbiology · 2014Review
- Water quality, weather and environmental factors associated with fecal indicator organism density in beach sand at two recreational marine beaches.The Science of the total environment · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterococci are indicator bacteria used to assess the risk of acquiring enteric disease from swimming in marine waters. Previous work identified beach sands as reservoirs of enterococci which can be transported from the sand to the sea, where they may instigate beach advisories. The present study establishes that naturally occurring enterococci can replicate in beach sands under environmentally relevant conditions. In unseeded, nonsterile microcosm experiments, it was shown that intermittent wetting of sands by seawater, like that which would occur at the high tide line, stimulates the transient replication of enterococci at rates of 0.20 to 0.63 per day (equivalent to doubling times of 1.1 to 3.5 days). Replication was not observed in control microcosms that were not subjected to wetting. Enterococci were enumerated using both culture-dependent (membrane filtration and mEI media) and culture-independent (quantitative PCR [QPCR], 23S rRNA gene based) techniques, which allowed tracking of both culturable and total enterococcus populations. Inhibition of QPCR and DNA extraction efficiencies were accounted for in the interpretation of the QPCR results. The results provide evidence that enterococci may not be an appropriate indicator of enteric disease risk at recreational beaches subject to nonpoint sources of pollution.
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