ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2009
Socioeconomic and psychosocial gradients in cardiovascular pathogen burden and immune response: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sero-epidemiological studies of pathogen burden: A scoping review.Wellcome open research · 2026Pooled it
- Structural and social determinants of health: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Avocado consumption and markers of inflammation: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- The Embodiment of Insult: A Theory of Biobehavioral Response to Workplace Incivility.Journal of management · 2022Article
- Life Course Socioeconomic Disadvantage and the Aging Immune System: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2021Article
- Associations of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances individually and in mixtures with persistent infections: Recent findings from NHANES 1999-2016.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2021Article
- Chronic stress: a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Review
- Social patterning of acute respiratory illnesses in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) Study 2014-2015.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Article
- Investigating pathogen burden in relation to a cumulative deficits index in a representative sample of US adults.Epidemiology and infection · 2018Article
- Gender Differences in Associations Between Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Outcomes.Gender and the genome · 2018Article
- Worry About Deportation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Adult Women: The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas Study.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2018Article
- The impact of pathogen burden on leukocyte telomere length in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Epidemiology and infection · 2017Article
- How does cytomegalovirus factor into diseases of aging and vaccine responses, and by what mechanisms?GeroScience · 2017Article
- Systemic Inflammation and Viral Exposure among Young Mexican American Women: Nativity-Related Differences.Ethnicity & disease · 2017Article
- Inflammatory risk factors, biomarkers and associated therapy in ischaemic stroke.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2016Review
- Early life socioeconomic position and immune response to persistent infections among elderly Latinos.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2016Article
- Childhood hospitalisation with infection and cardiovascular disease in early-mid adulthood: a longitudinal population-based study.PloS one · 2015Article
- Exhaustion, immuno-inflammation, and pathogen burden after cardiac surgery: an exploratory study.European journal of cardiovascular nursing · 2014Article
- Neighborhood socio-economic characteristics, African ancestry, and Helicobacter pylori sero-prevalence.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2012Article
- The association between chronic stress type and C-reactive protein in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: does gender make a difference?Journal of behavioral medicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe biologic mechanisms linking socioeconomic position and psychosocial factors to cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not well understood. Immune response to persistent pathogens may be one of these mechanisms.
methodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (N=999) composed of adults age 45-84. Log-binomial regression and ordinal logistic regression models were used to examine associations of socioeconomic factors and psychosocial factors with pathogen burden and immune response among those infected. Pathogen burden was assessed based on seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus-1, and Chlamydia pneumoniae and antibody levels were used to characterize high immune response to all four pathogens.
resultsLow education was a strong and significant independent predictor of higher pathogen burden after adjustment for covariates (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37, 1.19-1.57). Among subjects seropositive for all four pathogens, low education and a higher level of chronic psychosocial stress showed a positive association with higher antibody response, although associations were no longer significant in models with all covariates included (OR=1.64, 95% CI 0.82-3.31 for lowest vs. highest educational category and OR=1.29, 95% CI 0.96-1.73 for a one level increase in chronic stress).
conclusionPathogen burden and heightened immune response may represent a biological pathway by which low socioeconomic position and chronic stress are related to increased rates of cardiovascular disease.
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