ReviewThe Journal of investigative dermatology2009
B cells and immunological tolerance.
Review in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rituximab, Omalizumab, and Dupilumab Treatment Outcomes in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Advancing Care in Lupus Nephritis: Expert Perspectives on Current Practices and Future Directions in Italy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of B Cell Tolerance in Health and Autoimmunity.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- The emerging role of B cells in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Telitacicept for systemic lupus erythematosus: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Hypomorphic RAG2 Deficiency Promotes Selection of Self-Reactive B Cells.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Cell and biomaterial delivery strategies to induce immune tolerance.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Biological treatment for bullous pemphigoid.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- B Cell Aberrance in Lupus: the Ringleader and the Solution.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2022Review
- A Prospective Study on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Lupus Nephritis Treated With an Intensified B-Cell Depletion Protocol Without Maintenance Therapy.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- High-Throughput Detection of Autoantigen-Specific B Cells Among Distinct Functional Subsets in Autoimmune Donors.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Polymeric micro- and nanoparticles for immune modulation.Biomaterials science · 2018Review
- Understanding B-cell activation and autoantibody repertoire selection in systemic lupus erythematosus: A B-cell immunomics approach.Immunological reviews · 2018Review
- Reversing Autoimmunity Combination of Rituximab and Intravenous Immunoglobulin.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Encapsulating an Immunosuppressant Enhances Tolerance Induction by Siglec-Engaging Tolerogenic Liposomes.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2017Article
- Chronic Exposure to Malaria Is Associated with Inhibitory and Activation Markers on Atypical Memory B Cells and Marginal Zone-Like B Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Article
- Individualized Immunosuppressive Protocol of Liver Transplant Recipient Should be Made Based on Splenic Function Status.Chinese medical journal · 2016Article
- Polychromatic flow cytometry in evaluating rheumatic disease patients.Arthritis research & therapy · 2015Review
- Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in systemic lupus erythematosus: from bench to bedside.Auto- immunity highlights · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Work from multiple groups continues to provide additional evidence for the powerful and highly diverse roles, both protective and pathogenic, that B cells play in autoimmune diseases. Similarly, it has become abundantly clear that antibody-independent functions may account for the opposing influences that B cells exercise over other arms of the immune response and ultimately over autoimmunity itself. Finally, it is becoming apparent that the clinical impact of B-cell depletion therapy may be, to a large extent, determined by the functional balance between different B-cell subsets that may be generated by this therapeutic intervention. In this review, we postulate that our perspective of B-cell tolerance and our experimental approach to its understanding are fundamentally changed by this view of B cells. Accordingly, we first discuss current knowledge of B-cell tolerance conventionally defined as the censoring of autoantibody-producing B cells (with an emphasis on human B cells). Therefore, we discuss a different model that contemplates B cells not only as targets of tolerance but also as mediators of tolerance. This model is based on the notion that the onset of clinical autoimmune disease may require a B-cell gain-of-pathogenic function (or a B-cell loss-of-regulatory-function) and that accordingly, disease remission may depend on the restoration of the physiological balance between B-cell pathogenic and protective functions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.