ArticleJournal of vision2008
Cues for the control of ocular accommodation and vergence during postnatal human development.
Article in Journal of vision, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and Etiology of Strabismus in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with a Focus on Ethnic Differences in the Esotropia/Exotropia Ratio.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical test responses to different orthoptic exercise regimes in typical young adults.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2014Trial
- Reduced Image Quality Impairs Monocular Blur-Driven Accommodation in Keratoconus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Effect of Binocularity and Depth on Static and Dynamic Accommodation Responses in Young Children.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Accommodative and Vergence Responses to a Moving Stimulus in Concussion.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Accommodative Lag Persistence in Treated Anisometropic, Strabismic, and Mixed Amblyopia.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Developmental Trajectories of Size Constancy as Implicitly Examined by Simple Reaction Times.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Fluctuations of Steady-State Accommodation Is a Marker for Screening Spasm of Near Reflex.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- A covered eye fails to follow an object moving in depth.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Reducing the discomfort in viewing 3D video with a prism device modified eye convergence.Heliyon · 2021Article
- Correction of Low-Moderate Hyperopia Improves Accommodative Function for Some Hyperopic Children During Sustained Near Work.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Spasm of Near Reflex: Objective Assessment of the Near-Triad.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Convergence and divergence to radial optic flow in infancy.Journal of vision · 2019Article
- Calibration of the PlusOptix PowerRef 3 with change in viewing distance, adult age and refractive error.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2019Article
- Impact of Visual Cues on the Magnitude and Variability of the Accommodative Response in Children With Emmetropia and Uncorrected Hyperopia and Adults.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Article
- Two-dimensional simulation of eccentric photorefraction images for ametropes: factors influencing the measurement.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2018Article
- A Subset of Palisade Endings Only in the Medial and Inferior Rectus Muscle in Monkey Contain Calretinin.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- Blur Detection, Depth of Field, and Accommodation in Emmetropic and Hyperopic Children.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2018Article
- The Response AC/A Ratio Before and After the Onset of Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
- Determining the relative contribution of retinal disparity and blur cues to ocular accommodation in Down syndrome.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Accommodation and vergence help maintain single and focused visual experience while an object moves in depth. The relative importance of retinal blur and disparity, the primary sensory cues to accommodation and vergence, is largely unknown during development; a period when growth of the eye and head necessitate continual recalibration of egocentric space. Here we measured the developmental importance of retinal disparity in 192 typically developing subjects (1.9 months to 46 years). Subjects viewed high-contrast cartoon targets with naturalistic spatial frequency spectra while their accommodation and vergence responses were measured from both eyes using a PowerRefractor. Accommodative gain was reduced during monocular viewing relative to full binocular viewing, even though the fixating eye generated comparable tracking eye movements in the two conditions. This result was consistent across three forms of monocular occlusion. The accommodative gain was lowest in infants and only reached adult levels by 7 to 10 years of age. As expected, the gain of vergence was also reduced in monocular conditions. When 4- to 6-year-old children read 20/40-sized letters, their monocular accommodative gain reached adult-like levels. In summary, binocular viewing appears necessary under naturalistic viewing conditions to generate full accommodation and vergence responses in typically developing humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.