ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Renal physiology2009
Sex, diabetes and the kidney.
Review in American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Glomerular Haematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase-Prostaglandin D2 Axis Contributes to the Periodontitis-Related Exacerbation of Diabetic Nephropathy in KK-AJournal of clinical periodontology · 2025Article
- Global Burden of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Related Chronic Kidney Disease among Adolescents and Young Adults, and Projections to 2035: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Early pathological changes in the liver and kidney of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice: involvement of iron accumulation and ferroptosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in the Incidence of Nephropathy and Changes in Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Age at Diagnosis of Diabetes in Young Men is Associated with Albuminuria [Letter].Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Multiomics analysis investigating the impact of a high-fat diet in female Sprague-Dawley rats: alterations in plasma, intestinal metabolism, and microbial composition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Sex-Related Aspects in Diabetic Kidney Disease-An Update.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Role of sex hormones in diabetic nephropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Sex hormone influence on female-biased autoimmune diseases hints at puberty as an important factor in pathogenesis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Analysis of the Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Renal Function in Middle-Aged Patients with Diabetes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is associated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional REACTION study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- Sex-specific differences in early renal impairment associated with arsenic, lead, and cadmium exposure among young adults in Taiwan.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Association of Blood Heavy Metal Levels and Renal Function in Korean Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Intact mitochondrial substrate efflux is essential for prevention of tubular injury in a sex-dependent manner.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Association of healthy lifestyles on the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their comorbidity among subjects with dyslipidemia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- eIF2A-knockout mice reveal decreased life span and metabolic syndrome.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Sex differences in the magnitude of diabetic ocular surface complications: Role of serum OGF.Physiology & behavior · 2021Article
- A Nomogram Model that Predicts the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Retrospective Study.International journal of endocrinology · 2021Article
- Sex Differences in Biopsy-Confirmed Diabetic Kidney Disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence and the rate of progression of nondiabetic renal disease is generally greater in men compared with age-matched women, suggesting that the female sex is protective and/or that the male sex is a risk factor for the development and progression of nondiabetic renal disease. In diabetes, even though the male sex still appears to be a risk factor, this relationship is not as strong as it is in nondiabetic renal disease. Experimental evidence suggests that both estrogens and androgens play an important role in the pathophysiology of renal disease. Thus one of the potential mechanisms for the absence of a clear sex difference in the setting of diabetes may be alterations in sex hormone levels. Indeed, studies suggest that diabetes is a state of an imbalance in sex hormone levels; however, whether these changes correlate with the decline in renal function associated with diabetes is unclear. Furthermore, diabetic renal disease rarely develops before puberty, and the onset of puberty accelerates microalbuminuria, supporting the idea of the involvement of sex hormones in the development and progression of the disease. However, other than a handful of experimental studies indicating that treatment with or removal of sex hormones alters the course of diabetic renal disease, very few studies have actually directly examined the correlation between sex hormones and the disease development and progression. Further studies are necessary to determine the precise contribution of sex hormones in the pathophysiology of diabetic renal disease to develop novel and potentially sex-specific therapeutic treatments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.