ArticleVirology2009
Adeno-associated virus-2 and its primary cellular receptor--Cryo-EM structure of a heparin complex.
Article in Virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- AI-engineered AAV capsid enables intravitreal delivery for the treatment of diverse retinal degenerations.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- CRISPR and Gene Augmentation Rescue Trabecular Meshwork Dysfunction in iPSC Models of Lowe Syndrome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Thermodynamics of Binding Between Adeno-Associated Viruses and Heparin in Bulk and at Interfaces via Isothermal Titration Calorimetry.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The amazing AAV capsids: Into the structure-verse.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- AAV vector development, back to the future.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- AAV2 vector optimization for retinal ganglion cell-targeted delivery of therapeutic genes.Gene therapy · 2024Article
- Brain-targeted delivery of neuroprotective survival gene minimizing hematopoietic cell contamination: implications for Parkinson's disease treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- The Structures and Functions of Parvovirus Capsids and Missing Pieces: the Viral DNA and Its Packaging, Asymmetrical Features, Nonprotein Components, and Receptor or Antibody Binding and Interactions.Journal of virology · 2023Review
- Effective viral-mediated lung gene therapy: is airway surface preparation necessary?Gene therapy · 2023Review
- Review
- Application of Size Exclusion Chromatography with Multiangle Light Scattering in the Analytical Development of a Preclinical Stage Gene Therapy Program.Human gene therapy · 2023Article
- Cryo-electron Microscopy of Adeno-associated Virus.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Hexon modification of human adenovirus type 5 vectors enables efficient transduction of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2022Article
- Molecular Signature of Astrocytes for Gene Delivery by the Synthetic Adeno-Associated Viral Vector rAAV9P1.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Adeno-associated virus (AAV) cell entry: structural insights.Trends in microbiology · 2022Review
- Intracellular trafficking of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors: challenges and future directions.Gene therapy · 2021Review
- Receptor Switching in Newly Evolved Adeno-associated Viruses.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Adeno-associated Virus 9 Structural Rearrangements Induced by Endosomal Trafficking pH and Glycan Attachment.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- High-Resolution Imaging of Human Viruses in Liquid Droplets.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV-2) is a leading candidate vector for gene therapy. Cell entry starts with attachment to a primary receptor, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan (HSPG) before binding to a co-receptor. Here, cryo-electron microscopy provides direct visualization of the virus-HSPG interactions. Single particle analysis was performed on AAV-2 complexed with a 17 kDa heparin fragment at 8.3 A resolution. Heparin density covers the shoulder of spikes surrounding viral 3-fold symmetry axes. Previously implicated, positively charged residues R(448/585), R(451/588) and R(350/487) from another subunit cluster at the center of the heparin footprint. The footprint is much more extensive than apparent through mutagenesis, including R(347/484), K(395/532) and K(390/527) that are more conserved, but whose roles have been controversial. It also includes much of a region proposed as a co-receptor site, because prior studies had not revealed heparin interactions. Heparin density bridges over the viral 3-fold axes, indicating multi-valent attachment to symmetry-related binding sites.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.