ArticleExperimental brain research2009
Excitatory and inhibitory processes in primary motor cortex during the foreperiod of a warned reaction time task are unrelated to response expectancy.
Article in Experimental brain research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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25 citing papers in PubMed.
- β-Bursting as a Sensitive Neural Marker of Inhibitory Control in Healthy Older Adults: A Linear Mixed-Effects Modeling and Threshold-Free Cluster Approach.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
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- Inhibition for gain modulation in the motor system.Experimental brain research · 2022Review
- Contiguity of proactive and reactive inhibitory brain areas: a cognitive model based on ALE meta-analyses.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Review
- Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Motor Preparation for Action Inhibition: A Review of Single Pulse TMS Studies Using the Go/NoGo Paradigm.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Review
- Corticospinal gating during action preparation and movement in the primate motor cortex.Journal of neurophysiology · 2018Article
- In Standing, Corticospinal Excitability Is Proportional to COP Velocity Whereas M1 Excitability Is Participant-Specific.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2018Article
- Physiological Markers of Motor Inhibition during Human Behavior.Trends in neurosciences · 2017Review
- Modulation of corticospinal output in agonist and antagonist proximal arm muscles during motor preparation.PloS one · 2017Article
- Neural and behavioral mechanisms of proactive and reactive inhibition.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2016Review
- Nonspecific Inhibition of the Motor System during Response Preparation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2015Article
- Inhibition during response preparation is sensitive to response complexity.Journal of neurophysiology · 2015Article
- The uses and interpretations of the motor-evoked potential for understanding behaviour.Experimental brain research · 2015Review
- Age and muscle-dependent variations in corticospinal excitability during standing tasks.PloS one · 2014Article
- Benefits of physical exercise on basic visuo-motor functions across age.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2014Article
- Age-related differences in corticospinal excitability during a choice reaction time task.Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2013Article
- Article
- Influence of reward on corticospinal excitability during movement preparation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2012Article
- Influence of cueing on the preparation and execution of untrained and trained complex motor responses.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2012Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Reaction time (RT) is shortened when a warning signal precedes the response signal, a finding attributed to response preparation during the foreperiod between the warning and response signals. In a previous experiment, we delivered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during the short constant foreperiod of a warned RT task and found simultaneous suppression of motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and reduction of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) on warned trials (Sinclair and Hammond in Exp Brain Res 186:385-392, 2008). To investigate the extent to which these phenomena are associated with response preparation we measured MEP amplitude and SICI during the foreperiod of a warned RT task in which three different warning signals specified the probability (0, 0.5, or 0.83) of response signal presentation. MEP amplitude was suppressed (Experiment 1) and SICI reduced (Experiment 2) equally in all of the warned conditions relative to when TMS was delivered in the inter-trial interval (ITI) suggesting that the modulation of primary motor cortex excitability during the foreperiod does not depend on momentary response expectancy induced by the warning signal. The reduction of SICI and suppression of MEP amplitude can be explained by assuming that a warning signal induces automatic motor cortical activation which is balanced by a competing inhibition to prevent premature response. A composite measure which weighted both speed and accuracy of response was positively correlated with the MEP amplitude during both the foreperiod and the ITI, suggesting that high motor cortical excitability is associated with optimized preparatory strategies for fast and accurate response.
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