ReviewThe journal of sexual medicine2009
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulation in female genital tract structures.
Review in The journal of sexual medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between obstructive sleep apnea and female sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Pooled it
- Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and sexual self-schema in domain-specific female sexual function: a cross-sectional study.Sexual medicine · 2026Article
- Flavonoid Composition and Molecular Basis of the Potential Sexual-Enhancing Properties of aPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sexual dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, clinical burden, and integrated management.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Sexual Dysfunction in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Prevalence, Impact, and Management Strategies.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2025Review
- Effect of hCG and prostaglandin on ovarian, luteal development, and hormonal changes in embryo donor mares during the hot summer months in subtropics.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Associations between arterial health and sexual function in women aged 60-64 years.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Effect of breeding season and age on follicular dynamics and hemodynamics in embryo donor mares subjected to luteolysis after embryo flushing.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine impregnated latex: A new class of barrier contraception for the prevention of intercourse-associated UTIs.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials · 2024Article
- Nanodelivery System for Ovsynch Protocol Improves Ovarian Response, Ovarian Blood Flow Doppler Velocities, and Hormonal Profile of Goats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Characteristics of Erectile Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Vaginal Aging-What We Know and What We Do Not Know.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Priapism following a juvenile Russell's viper bite: An unusual case report.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Effects of topical estrogen therapy on the vaginal microcirculation in women with vulvovaginal atrophy.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2019Article
- From inflammation to sexual dysfunctions: a journey through diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2018Review
- The impact of severe mental disorders and psychotropic medications on sexual health and its implications for clinical management.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2018Article
- Role of Estrogens in the Size of Neuronal Somata of Paravaginal Ganglia in Ovariectomized Rabbits.BioMed research international · 2017Article
- Flibanserin for hypoactive sexual desire disorder: place in therapy.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2017Review
- Review
- Effects of adenosine monophosphate used in combination with L-arginine on female rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue.Sexual medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFemale sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a major component of female sexual dysfunctions, affecting 25-70% of women. The mechanisms of FSAD are poorly understood. Estrogen contributes to the control of genital blood flow during the sexual response. Vascular effects of estrogen are mostly attributed to its regulation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production. However, the role of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and the mechanisms that regulate eNOS in female genital tract structures are largely unknown.
aimTo review available evidence of the mechanisms of eNOS regulation in female genital tract structures.
methodsThis article reviews the literature that relates to the role of NO and eNOS in female sexual arousal and its modulation by estrogen.
main outcome measuresAssociation between female sexual arousal, NO, and eNOS.
resultsThe NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway is believed to have a primary role in the regulation of clitoral and vaginal blood flow, and smooth muscle relaxation during sexual arousal. Estrogen is critical for maintaining vaginal and clitoral blood flow and vaginal transudate production. Estrogen regulates eNOS by genomic mechanisms, involving augmented mRNA transcription and protein synthesis, and by non-genomic mechanisms, which occur without alterations in gene expression. However, limited studies have evaluated the physiological role of endothelial NO and the molecular mechanisms of eNOS regulation in the female genital tract.
conclusionsThe effects of estrogen on increasing genital blood flow and smooth muscle relaxation have been attributed mostly to regulation of eNOS. However, the exact mechanisms of eNOS regulation in female genital tract structures and the molecular basis for the eNOS defect with aging and vascular diseases warrant further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.