ArticleGut2009
Serum pepsinogens and risk of gastric and oesophageal cancers in the General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial cohort.
Article in Gut, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Serum Pepsinogens With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- A non-invasive method for the diagnosis of upper GI diseases.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2018Pooled it
- Prediagnostic plasma vitamin C and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2013Pooled it
- Management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS): guideline from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and the Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED).Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2012Guideline
- Guideline
- [Combined assessment of gastric mucosal damage associated withZhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Article
- Divergent roles of endoscopic Kyoto classification and serological Li's scoring in immediate and long-term gastric cancer risk stratification: a 4-year longitudinal study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- The Role of Serum Pepsinogen Tests for Detecting Gastric Cancer Between Sexes and Among Age Groups.Gut and liver · 2026Review
- Comparative proteomic analysis indicates differential responses to fumonisin BMycotoxin research · 2025Article
- Elevated serum pepsinogen level predicts postoperative nausea and vomiting and pain in females with obesity following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Hp eradication decreased the expression level of PG II in patients of Hp negative with gastric intestinal metaplasia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Integrated liquid biopsy model for predicting metastasis and guiding PD-1 therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Classical biomarkers and non-coding RNAs associated with diagnosis and treatment in gastric cancer.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Pepsinogen C Interacts with IQGAP1 to Inhibit the Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Suppressing Rho-GTPase Pathway.Cancers · 2024Article
- Review
- Nomogram established using risk factors of early gastric cancer for predicting the lymph node metastasis.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Article
- Appropriateness of Proton Pump Inhibitor Prescription Evaluated by Using Serological Markers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Non-Acid Fluid Exposure and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Review
- Serum Pepsinogen as a Biomarker for Gastric Cancer in the United States: A Nested Case-Control Study Using the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial Data.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- A Predictive Model of Noncardia Gastric Adenocarcinoma Risk Using Antibody Response to Helicobacter pylori Proteins and Pepsinogen.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveLow serum pepsinogen I (PGI) and low pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio (PGI/II ratio) are markers of gastric fundic atrophy. We aimed to prospectively test the association between serum PGI/II ratio and risks of gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
designCase-cohort study nested in a prospective cohort with over 15 years of follow-up.
settingRural region of the People's Republic of China. SUBJECTS: Men and women aged 40-69 years at study baseline.
main outcome measuresAdjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between serum PGI/II ratio and cancer risk.
resultsCompared to subjects with PGI/II ratio of >4, those with <or=4 had hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) of 2.72 (1.77 to 4.20) and 2.12 (1.42 to 3.16) for non-cardia and cardia gastric adenocarcinomas, respectively. Risk of both cancers was also increased when we used other cut points ranging from 3 to 6, or quartile models, or nonlinear continuous models. Risk of OSCC was marginally increased in those with PGI/II ratio <or=4, with HR (95% CI) of 1.56 (0.99 to 2.47), but quartile models and continuous models showed no increased risk. The nonlinear continuous models suggested that any single cut point collapsed subjects with dissimilar gastric adenocarcinoma risks, and that using cut points was not an efficient use of data in evaluating these associations.
conclusionIn this prospective study, we found similar and significantly increased risks of non-cardia and cardia gastric adenocarcinomas in subjects with low PGI/II ratio but little evidence for an association with the risk of OSCC.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.