ArticleCell2009
The role of the granuloma in expansion and dissemination of early tuberculous infection.
Article in Cell, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 467 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
467 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 911 citations in OpenAlex.
- The immunoregulatory landscape of human tuberculosis granulomas.Nature immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife: a systematic review.Veterinary research · 2021Pooled it
- Is latent tuberculosis infection challenging in Iranian health care workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- PET-CT outcomes from a randomised controlled trial of rosuvastatin as an adjunct to standard tuberculosis treatment.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Article
- The study of immunological markers in tuberculosis across animal models and its translation to human research.Lab animal · 2026Review
- Immune endotypes in tuberculosis: Keys to decoding disease complexity.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Lipid accumulation in tuberculosis granulomas inhibits macrophage-CD4Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Beyond Inhibition: Sublethal Rifampicin-Induced Molecular Adaptations Confer Phenotypic Drug Tolerance in Mycobacteria.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Alternatively activated monocyte-derived myeloid cells promote extracellular pathogen persistence in pulmonary fungal granulomas.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Inhalational therapy of pulmonary infectionActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Recombinant Immunogens Designed by AI Epitope Prioritization Confer Protection AgainstVaccines · 2026Article
- Protective versus deleterious roles of pyroptosis in Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium marinum infections.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Single-cell and spatial profiling highlights TB-induced myofibroblasts as drivers of lung pathology.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Macrophage adaptation to hypoxia in the tuberculous granuloma potentiates mycobacterium-induced mitochondrial damage and granuloma necrosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting opportunities presented by the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a brief review.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Mycobacteria trehalose dimycolate interactions with host Mincle remodel blood-brain barrier junctions for brain invasion.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Primary tuberculous mycobacterial granulomas provide a niche for superinfecting Mycobacterium abscessus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Red-eared slider turtleInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Finding and filling the knowledge gaps in mechanisms of T cell-mediated TB immunity to inform vaccine design.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
407 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Granulomas, organized aggregates of immune cells, form in response to persistent stimuli and are hallmarks of tuberculosis. Tuberculous granulomas have long been considered host-protective structures formed to contain infection. However, work in zebrafish infected with Mycobacterium marinum suggests that granulomas contribute to early bacterial growth. Here we use quantitative intravital microscopy to reveal distinct steps of granuloma formation and assess their consequence for infection. Intracellular mycobacteria use the ESX-1/RD1 virulence locus to induce recruitment of new macrophages to, and their rapid movement within, nascent granulomas. This motility enables multiple arriving macrophages to efficiently find and phagocytose infected macrophages undergoing apoptosis, leading to rapid, iterative expansion of infected macrophages and thereby bacterial numbers. The primary granuloma then seeds secondary granulomas via egress of infected macrophages. Our direct observations provide insight into how pathogenic mycobacteria exploit the granuloma during the innate immune phase for local expansion and systemic dissemination.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.