ArticleVirology2009
West Nile virus infection modulates human brain microvascular endothelial cells tight junction proteins and cell adhesion molecules: Transmigration across the in vitro blood-brain barrier.
Article in Virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 245 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complexity of Neutralizing Antibodies against Multiple Dengue Virus Serotypes after Heterotypic Immunization and Secondary Infection Revealed by In-Depth Analysis of Cross-Reactive Antibodies.Journal of virology · 2015Trial
- West Nile Virus Exploits miR-155-5p-Mediated Regulation of TRIM32-IκBα Axis to Evade NF-κB-Mediated Innate Immune Responses in Human Microglial Cells.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Endothelial Collapse as a Convergent Immunovascular Phenotype in Sepsis and Severe Arboviral Disease: The SIMVAC Model.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Characterization of virus neuroinvasion, blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammation following Powassan virus infection in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interplay between flaviviruses and the interferon response: mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Case report: Be alert to parvovirus infection in patients with unexplained anemia after cerebral hemorrhage surgery.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Tembusu virus neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis: lessons from blood-brain barrier dysfunction in neurotropic flaviviruses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Astrocyte-derived MMP-9 is a key mediator of pseudorabies virus penetration of the blood-brain barrier and tight junction disruption.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Impact of Tick-BorneInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Factors Associated with the Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Tick-Borne Encephalitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Mosquito- and tick-borne orthoflaviviruses cross anFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Leukocyte recruitment in flavivirus-induced encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Dual immune modulation of microglia in viral encephalitis: current understanding and future perspectives.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Usutu virus and West Nile virus use a transcellular route of neuroinvasion across an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- COVID-19: Unveiling the Neuropsychiatric Maze-From Acute to Long-Term Manifestations.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Differential Cytokine Responses of APOE3 and APOE4 Blood-brain Barrier Cell Types to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neurological complications such as inflammation, failure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and neuronal death contribute to the mortality and morbidity associated with WNV-induced meningitis. Compromised BBB indicates the ability of the virus to gain entry into the CNS via the BBB, however, the underlying mechanisms, and the specific cell types associated with WNV-CNS trafficking are not well understood. Brain microvascular endothelial cells, the main component of the BBB, represent a barrier to virus dissemination into the CNS and could play key role in WNV spread via hematogenous route. To investigate WNV entry into the CNS, we infected primary human brain microvascular endothelial (HBMVE) cells with the neurovirulent strain of WNV (NY99) and examined WNV replication kinetics together with the changes in the expressions of key tight junction proteins (TJP) and cell adhesion molecules (CAM). WNV infection of HBMVE cells was productive as analyzed by plaque assay and qRT-PCR, and did not induce cytopathic effect. Increased mRNA and protein expressions of TJP (claudin-1) and CAM (vascular cell adhesion molecule and E-selectin) were observed at days 2 and 3 after infection, respectively, which coincided with the peak in WNV replication. Further, using an in vitro BBB model comprised of HBMVE cells, we demonstrate that cell-free WNV can cross the BBB, without compromising the BBB integrity. These data suggest that infection of HBMVE cells can facilitate entry of cell-free virus into the CNS without disturbing the BBB, and increased CAM may assist in the trafficking of WNV-infected immune cells into the CNS, via 'Trojan horse' mechanism, thereby contributing to WNV dissemination in the CNS and associated pathology.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.