ArticleBMC genomics2009
Conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium.
Article in BMC genomics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immuno-Informatics Design of Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate AgainstHealth science reports · 2026Article
- Immunization withVaccines · 2023Article
- The Use of the Antigenically Variable Major Surface Protein 2 in the Establishment of Superinfection during Natural Tick Transmission of Anaplasma marginale in Southern Ghana.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Bovine Anaplasmosis: Will there ever be an almighty effective vaccine?Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Both Coinfection and Superinfection Drive Complex Anaplasma marginale Strain Structure in a Natural Transmission Setting.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- First Whole Genome Sequence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Dynamics of repeat-associated plasticity in theGene: X · 2019Article
- Segmental Variation in a DuplicatedInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- The Anaplasma ovis genome reveals a high proportion of pseudogenes.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- Identification of Anaplasma ovis appendage-associated protein (AAAP) for development of an indirect ELISA and its application.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Structural Basis for Recombinatorial Permissiveness in the Generation of Anaplasma marginale Msp2 Antigenic Variants.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Antigenic Variation in Bacterial Pathogens.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Article
- Anaplasma marginale: Diversity, Virulence, and Vaccine Landscape through a Genomics Approach.BioMed research international · 2016Review
- Primary Structural Variation in Anaplasma marginale Msp2 Efficiently Generates Immune Escape Variants.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions.PloS one · 2015Article
- Article
- Anaplasma marginale superinfection attributable to pathogen strains with distinct genomic backgrounds.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Restriction of Francisella novicida genetic diversity during infection of the vector midgut.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Genetic Diversity of Tick-Borne Rickettsial Pathogens; Insights Gained from Distant Strains.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Article
- Antigenic variation and transmission fitness as drivers of bacterial strain structure.Cellular microbiology · 2013Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWith the recent completion of numerous sequenced bacterial genomes, notable advances have been made in understanding the level of conservation between various species. However, relatively little is known about the genomic diversity among strains. We determined the complete genome sequence of the Florida strain of Anaplasma marginale, and near complete (>96%) sequences for an additional three strains, for comparative analysis with the previously fully sequenced St. Maries strain genome.
resultsThese comparisons revealed that A. marginale has a closed-core genome with few highly plastic regions, which include the msp2 and msp3 genes, as well as the aaap locus. Comparison of the Florida and St. Maries genome sequences found that SNPs comprise 0.8% of the longer Florida genome, with 33.5% of the total SNPs between all five strains present in at least two strains and 3.0% of SNPs present in all strains except Florida. Comparison of genomes from three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, and Nessieria meningiditis, as well as four Chlamydophila pneumoniae strains found that 98.8%-100% of SNPs are unique to each strain, suggesting A. marginale, with 76.0%, has an intermediate level of strain-specific SNPs. Comparison of genomes from other organisms revealed variation in diversity that did not segregate with the environmental niche the bacterium occupies, ranging from 0.00% to 8.00% of the larger pairwise-compared genome.
conclusionAnalysis of multiple A. marginale strains suggests intracellular bacteria have more variable SNP retention rates than previously reported, and may have closed-core genomes in response to the host organism environment and/or reductive evolution.
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