ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2009
Incarceration and drug use patterns among a cohort of injection drug users.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- HIV and the criminalisation of drug use among people who inject drugs: a systematic review.The lancet. HIV · 2017Pooled it
- Oral substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2011Pooled it
- Association Between Criminal Legal System Involvement and HIV Prevention and Care Among Transgender Women of Color: The TURNNT Cohort Study.LGBT health · 2026Article
- Association of Medicaid expansion with health insurance, unmet need for medical care and substance use disorder treatment among people who inject drugs in 13 US states.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- The predictive validity of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) for moderate- to high-risk cannabis, methamphetamine and opioid use after release from prison.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Re-incarceration and associated social, structural and behavioural factors among people who use drugs in an urban Canadian setting.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Initiation of opioid agonist treatment and subsequent substance use and other patterns among adolescents and young adults in Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Defining the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Care Continuum Among Recently Incarcerated Men at High Risk for HIV Infection: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Rates of opioid agonist treatment prescribing in provincial prisons in Ontario, Canada, 2015-2018: a repeated cross-sectional analysis.BMJ open · 2021Article
- High hepatitis C virus seropositivity, viremia, and associated risk factors among trans women living in San Francisco, California.PloS one · 2021Article
- Sociodemographic Factors Associated With HIV/HCV High-Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs on Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 10-Year Observational Study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Peer influence of injection drug use cessation among dyads in rural eastern Kentucky.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Recent incarceration and risk of first-time injection initiation assistance: A prospective cohort study of persons who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Coercion into addiction treatment and subsequent substance use patterns among people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Characteristics Associated with Nonmedical Methadone Use among People Who Inject Drugs in California.Substance use & misuse · 2020Article
- Trajectories of injection drug use among people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada, 1996-2017: growth mixture modeling using data from prospective cohort studies.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
- Homelessness and incarceration associated with relapse into stimulant and opioid use among youth who are street-involved in Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol review · 2019Article
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) care in Canadian correctional facilities: Where are we and where do we need to be?Canadian liver journal · 2019Review
- An age-based analysis of nonmedical prescription opioid use among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2018Article
- Patterns of Non-injection Drug Use Associated with Injection Cessation among Street-Involved Youth in Vancouver, Canada.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsDrug law enforcement remains the dominant response to drug-related harm. However, the impact of incarceration on deterring drug use remains under-evaluated. We sought to explore the relationship between incarceration and patterns of drug use among people who inject drugs (IDU).
designUsing generalized estimating equations (GEE), we examined the prevalence and correlates of injection cessation among participants in the Vancouver Injection Drug User Study followed over 9 years. In subanalyses, we used McNemar's tests and linear growth curve analyses to assess changes in drug use patterns before and after a period of incarceration among participants reporting incarceration and those not incarcerated.
findingsAmong 1603 IDU, 842 (53%) reported injection cessation for at least 6 months at some point during follow-up. In multivariate GEE analyses, recent incarceration was associated negatively with injection cessation [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.50], whereas the use of methadone was associated positively with cessation (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.22-1.56). In subanalyses assessing longitudinal patterns of drug use among incarcerated individuals and those not incarcerated over the study period, linear growth curve analyses indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in patterns of drug use between the two groups (all P > 0.05).
conclusionsThese observational data suggest that incarceration does not reduce drug use among IDU. Incarceration may inhibit access to mechanisms that promote injection cessation among IDU. In contrast, results indicate that methadone use is associated positively with injection cessation, independent of previous frequency of drug use.
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