ReviewAdvanced drug delivery reviews2009
Mucus-penetrating nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery to mucosal tissues.
Review in Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 567 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
567 citing papers in PubMed, 1,734 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redefining intranasal brain delivery: from nasal entry to meaningful parenchymal and cellular exposure.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Third harmonic generation microscopy reveals structure and mucus dynamics in human airway epithelium models.iScience · 2026Article
- Balancing stability and cellular interaction in surface-engineered small extracellular vesicles for pulmonary delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Delivering the Gut to the Brain: Drug Delivery Strategies for Microbiota-Derived Therapeutics in Depression.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Micro/nanoscale bubble-mediated mucolytic conditioning of the lung model of cystic fibrosis enhances nanoparticle transport through the mucus.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Zonisamide nanodiamonds for brain targeting: A comprehensive study utilising in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and molecular investigation for successful nose-to-brain delivery for epilepsy management.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Development of an In Vitro Permeation Test Framework For Naloxone Hydrochloride Intranasal Spray: Establishing IVIVR for Bioequivalence Assessment.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Emerging Technologies for Oral Peptide Delivery: From Bioinspired Systems to Smart Device-Assisted Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Oral Delivery Systems for Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Enhancing Stability, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-Enabled Strategies to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance in Respiratory Infections: Mechanisms, Platforms, and Translational Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Stress-Induced Mechanical Memory in Respiratory Mucus: Anisotropy, Network Reorganization, and Directional Transport.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Design and Production of Respirable Effervescent Microparticles to Enhance Drug Penetration Through Lung Mucus.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Covalent grafting of hyaluronic acid on drug nanocrystals for mucosal delivery.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2026Article
- Steric stabilization-independent stealth cloak enables nanoreactors-mediated starvation therapy against refractory cancer.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Drug delivery system of curcumin to the lungs based on poly(3-alloxyloxy-1,2-propylene succinate)-sebacic acid copolymers.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Chloramphenicol Application Onto the Eyelid: Transfersomes for Enhanced Skin Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage-Based Therapeutics for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: From Biological Barriers to Translational Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
507 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic and adhesive gel that protects the lung airways, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, vagina, eye and other mucosal surfaces. Most foreign particulates, including conventional particle-based drug delivery systems, are efficiently trapped in human mucus layers by steric obstruction and/or adhesion. Trapped particles are typically removed from the mucosal tissue within seconds to a few hours depending on anatomical location, thereby strongly limiting the duration of sustained drug delivery locally. A number of debilitating diseases could be treated more effectively and with fewer side effects if drugs and genes could be more efficiently delivered to the underlying mucosal tissues in a controlled manner. This review first describes the tenacious mucus barrier properties that have precluded the efficient penetration of therapeutic particles. It then reviews the design and development of new mucus-penetrating particles that may avoid rapid mucus clearance mechanisms, and thereby provide targeted or sustained drug delivery for localized therapies in mucosal tissues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.