ArticleLipids2009
Uptake and incorporation of pinolenic acid reduces n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid and downstream prostaglandin formation in murine macrophage.
Article in Lipids, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacteroides uniformis ameliorates pro-inflammatory diet-exacerbated colitis by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated ferroptosis.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- The Beneficial Effects of Pine Nuts and Its Major Fatty Acid, Pinolenic Acid, on Inflammation and Metabolic Perturbations in Inflammatory Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Pinolenic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects in peripheral blood-derived monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of pinolenic acid in rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- ComparativeFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Investigation of Modulatory Effect of Pinolenic Acid (PNA) on Inflammatory Responses in Human THP-1 Macrophage-Like Cell and Mouse Models.Inflammation · 2020Article
- Juniperonic Acid Incorporation into the Phospholipids of Murine Macrophage Cells Modulates Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Production.Inflammation · 2018Article
- Phospholipid Incorporation of Non-Methylene-Interrupted Fatty Acids (NMIFA) in Murine Microglial BV-2 Cells Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Production.Inflammation · 2015Article
- Incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid exerts mild anti-inflammatory properties in murine RAW264.7 cells.Inflammation · 2015Article
- Impact of Korean pine nut oil on weight gain and immune responses in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.Nutrition research and practice · 2013Article
- Comparison of the fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids of controls, prediabetics and adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes mellitus · 2012Article
- Article
- Eicosadienoic acid differentially modulates production of pro-inflammatory modulators in murine macrophages.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many reports have shown the beneficial effects of consumption of pine seeds and pine seed oil. However, few studies have examined the biological effect of pinolenic acid (PNA; 5,9,12-18:3), the main fatty acid in pine seed oil. In this study, using murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells as a model, we examined the effect of PNA on polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Results showed that PNA was readily taken up, incorporated and elongated to form eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA, 7,11,14-20:3) in macrophage cells. A small portion of this elongated metabolite was further elongated to form 9,13,16-22:3. The degree of incorporation of PNA and its metabolites into cellular phospholipids varied with the length of incubation time and the concentration of PNA in the medium. Incubation of PNA also modified the fatty acid profile of phospholipids: the levels of 18- and 20-carbon PUFA were significantly decreased, whereas those of 22-carbon fatty acids increased. This finding suggests that PNA enhances the elongation of 20-carbon fatty acids to 22-carbon fatty acids. The syntheses of PGE(1) from dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, 8,11,14-20:4) and PGE(2) from arachidonic acid (ARA, 5,8,11,14-20:4) were also suppressed by the presence of PNA and its metabolite. As the expression of COX-2 was not suppressed, the inhibitory effect of PNA on PG activity was attributed in part to substrate competition between the PNA metabolite (i.e., 7,11,14-20:3) and DGLA (or ARA).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.