ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2009
Lophotrochozoa internal phylogeny: new insights from an up-to-date analysis of nuclear ribosomal genes.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Anterior-posterior patterning in the chaetognath Spadella cephaloptera informs bilaterian nervous system and tail evolution.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Chromosome-level haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the linguliform brachiopod Discradisca antillarum (d'Orbigny, 1845).G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Exceptionally Preserved Setae: A Possible Morphological Synapomorphy of Cambrian Lophotrochozoans.Evolution & development · 2025Article
- Why study sleep in flatworms?Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2024Review
- Unfolding the ventral nerve center of chaetognaths.Neural development · 2024Article
- One size does not fit all: diversity of length-force properties of obliquely striated muscles.The Journal of experimental biology · 2023Article
- The neuroanatomy ofFrontiers in zoology · 2019Article
- Metabarcoding analysis on European coastal samples reveals new molecular metazoan diversity.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- In-depth proteomic analyses ofProteome science · 2018Article
- An Overview ofJournal of developmental biology · 2016Review
- Genome and transcriptome of the regeneration-competent flatworm, Macrostomum lignano.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- The Lingula genome provides insights into brachiopod evolution and the origin of phosphate biomineralization.Nature communications · 2015Article
- Review
- Mesodermal gene expression during the embryonic and larval development of the articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa.EvoDevo · 2015Article
- A higher level classification of all living organisms.PloS one · 2015Article
- The molecular symplesiomorphies shared by the stem groups of metazoan evolution: can sites as few as 1% have a significant impact on recognizing the phylogenetic position of myzostomida?Journal of molecular evolution · 2014Article
- Development and organization of the larval nervous system in Phoronopsis harmeri: new insights into phoronid phylogeny.Frontiers in zoology · 2014Article
- Transcriptome data reveal Syndermatan relationships and suggest the evolution of endoparasitism in Acanthocephala via an epizoic stage.PloS one · 2014Article
- Organization and metamorphic remodeling of the nervous system in juveniles of Phoronopsis harmeri (Phoronida): insights into evolution of the bilaterian nervous system.Frontiers in zoology · 2014Article
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Abstract
Resolving the relationships among animal phyla is a key biological problem that remains to be solved. Morphology is unable to determine the relationships among most phyla and although molecular data have unveiled a new evolutionary scenario, they have their own limitations. Nuclear ribosomal genes (18S and 28S rDNA) have been used effectively for many years. However, they are considered of limited use for resolving deep divergences such as the origin of the bilaterians, due to certain drawbacks such as the long-branch attraction (LBA) problem. Here, we attempt to overcome these pitfalls by combining several methods suggested in previous studies and routinely used in contemporary standard phylogenetic analyses but that have not yet been applied to any bilaterian phylogeny based on these genes. The methods used include maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, the application of models with rate heterogeneity across sites, wide taxon sampling and compartmentalized analyses for each problematic clade. The results obtained show that the combination of the above-mentioned methodologies minimizes the LBA effect, and a new Lophotrochozoa phylogeny emerges. Also, the Acoela and Nemertodermatida are confirmed with maximum support as the first branching bilaterians. Ribosomal RNA genes are thus a reliable source for the study of deep divergences in the metazoan tree, provided that the data are treated carefully.
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