ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
Cell-mediated immunity to Toxoplasma gondii develops primarily by local Th1 host immune responses in the absence of parasite replication.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promising effects of parasite-derived compounds on tumor regression: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- TREM2 plays a critical role in innate immune defense against acute Toxoplasma gondii infection by promoting macrophage antimicrobial activities.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Live attenuated RHΔtkl1 and PruΔpp2a-c mutants of Toxoplasma gondii are promising vaccine candidates conferring protection in pigs.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Advances and Translational Challenges inVeterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Estudo Abrangente do Resveratrol Associado à Sulfadiazina em Linfócitos Infectados com Toxoplasma gondii: Envolvimento da Sinalização Purinérgica na Resposta Imunológica.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Heterologous Vaccination Using Virus-Like Particles and Vaccinia Virus Containing MIC8 and AMA1 Proteins ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Comparative evaluation of live attenuated and killed tachyzoites as vaccine candidates for toxoplasmosis.AMB Express · 2025Article
- From pathogen to cure: exploring the antitumor potential of Toxoplasma gondii.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- Evaluation of immune protection of a multi-antigenic DNA vaccine encoding TgROP6 and TgMIC12 againstFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Article
- IL-36 Gamma: A Novel Adjuvant Cytokine Enhancing Protective Immunity Induced by DNA Immunization with TGIST and TGNSM AgainstMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- When inflammatory stressors dramatically change, disease phenotypes may transform between autoimmune hematopoietic failure and myeloid neoplasms.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Parasites as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Co-Immunization with DNA Vaccines Expressing SABP1 and SAG1 Proteins Effectively Enhanced Mice Resistance toVaccines · 2023Article
- A live attenuated RHΔompdcΔuprt mutant of Toxoplasma gondii induces strong protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice and cats.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Article
- Protective immunity induced by DNA vaccine containing TgFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Host cell proteins modulated upon Toxoplasma infection identified using proteomic approaches: a molecular rationale.Parasitology research · 2022Review
- Review
- Incidence of COVID-19 Vaccination-Related Uveitis and Effects of Booster Dose in a Tertiary Uveitis Referral Center.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Genetic mapping reveals Nfkbid as a central regulator of humoral immunity to Toxoplasma gondii.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A single inoculation of mice with the live, attenuated Toxoplasma gondii uracil auxotroph strain cps1-1 induces long-lasting immunity against lethal challenge with hypervirulent strain RH. The mechanism for this robust immunity in the absence of parasite replication has not been addressed. The mechanism of long-lasting immunity, the importance of route of immunization, cellular recruitment to the site of infection, and local and systemic inflammation were evaluated. Our results show that infection with cps1-1 elicits long-lasting CD8+ T cell- mediated immunity. We show that immunization with cps1-1-infected dendritic cells elicits long-lasting immunity. Intraperitoneal infection with cps1-1 induced a rapid influx of GR1+ neutrophils and two stages of GR1+CD68+ inflammatory monocyte infiltration into the site of inoculation. CD19+ B cells and CD3+ T cells steadily increase for 8 days after infection. CD8+ T cells were rapidly recruited to the site of infection and increased faster than CD4+ T cells. Surprisingly, cps1-1 infection induced high systemic levels of bioactive IL-12p70 and a very low level and transient systemic IFN-gamma. Furthermore, we show significant levels of these inflammatory cytokines were locally produced at the site of cps1-1 inoculation. These findings offer new insight into immunological mechanisms and local host responses to a non-replicating type I parasite infection associated with development of long-lasting immunity to Toxoplasma gondii.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.