ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2009
A prospectively measured serum biomarker for a tobacco-specific carcinogen and lung cancer in smokers.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00218179 (Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screen Trial
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Different profiles of carcinogen exposure in Chinese compared with US cigarette smokers.Tobacco control · 2015Trial
- Public education about the relative harm of tobacco products: an intervention for tobacco control professionals.Tobacco control · 2014Trial
- Ancestry informative genetic variants associated with tobacco metabolic and detoxification capacity measured by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) among smokers.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Tobacco-related urinary biomarkers and lung cancer risk in women, a case-cohort analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Long COVID - a critical disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission?Bioelectronic medicine · 2025Review
- Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Smoking-Related Toxicants with Lung Cancer Incidence in Smokers: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Metabolism and DNA Adduct Formation of Tobacco-SpecificInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Associations between Biomarkers of Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk among Exclusive Cigarette Smokers in the Golestan Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Cancer Prevention Project of Philadelphia: preliminary findings examining diversity among the African diaspora.Ethnicity & health · 2021Article
- Relationship Between Urinary 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol and Lung Cancer Risk in the General Population: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Association between Metabolites and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Metabolites · 2020Review
- Biochemical Verification of Tobacco Use and Abstinence: 2019 Update.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
- The Impact of One-week Dietary Supplementation with Kava on Biomarkers of Tobacco Use and Nitrosamine-based Carcinogenesis Risk among Active Smokers.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Nicotinic-nAChR signaling mediates drug resistance in lung cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2020Review
- Cigarette Filter Ventilation and its Relationship to Increasing Rates of Lung Adenocarcinoma.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2017Review
- High Level of Tobacco Carcinogen-Derived DNA Damage in Oral Cells Is an Independent Predictor of Oral/Head and Neck Cancer Risk in Smokers.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2017Article
- Plausible Roles for RAGE in Conditions Exacerbated by Direct and Indirect (Secondhand) Smoke Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Oral Cell DNA Adducts as Potential Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Cigarette Smokers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2017Review
- Context Matters: Contribution of Specific DNA Adducts to the Genotoxic Properties of the Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine NNK.Chemical research in toxicology · 2017Review
- Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarettes smoked by the participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2016Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNo prior studies have related a tobacco-specific carcinogen to the risk of lung cancer in smokers. Of the over 60 known carcinogens in cigarette smoke, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is specific to tobacco and causes lung cancer in laboratory animals. Its metabolites, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), have been studied as biomarkers of exposure to NNK. We studied the relation of prospectively measured NNK biomarkers to lung cancer risk.
methodsIn a case-control study nested in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, we randomly selected 100 lung cancer cases and 100 controls who smoked at baseline and analyzed their baseline serum for total NNAL, cotinine, and r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (PheT), a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and metabolic activation. To examine the association of the biomarkers with all lung cancers and for histologic subtypes, we computed odds ratios for total NNAL, PheT, and cotinine using logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders.
findingsIndividual associations of age, smoking duration, and total NNAL with lung cancer risk were statistically significant. After adjustment, total NNAL was the only biomarker significantly associated with risk (odds ratio, 1.57 per unit SD increase; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.28). A similar statistically significant result was obtained for adenocarcinoma risk, but not for nonadenocarcinoma.
conclusionsThis first reporting of the effect of the prospectively measured tobacco-specific biomarker total NNAL, on risk of lung cancer in smokers provides insight into the etiology of smoking-related lung cancer and reinforces targeting NNK for cancer prevention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.