Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2009
Incomplete reconstitution of T cell subsets on combination antiretroviral therapy in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 384.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers.
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Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed.
- Therapeutic HIV-1 Tat vaccination promotes durable immune reconstitution and reservoir reduction in ART-treated adults with clade C infection: a 12-year follow-up study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Cycling CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected immune nonresponders have mitochondrial dysfunction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Trial
- Effects of Combined CCR5/Integrase Inhibitors-Based Regimen on Mucosal Immunity in HIV-Infected Patients Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Trial.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- HIV-1 Tat immunization restores immune homeostasis and attacks the HAART-resistant blood HIV DNA: results of a randomized phase II exploratory clinical trial.Retrovirology · 2015Trial
- Initiation of ART during early acute HIV infection preserves mucosal Th17 function and reverses HIV-related immune activation.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
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- CD8+ T-cell activation in HIV-1-infected patients experiencing transient low-level viremia during antiretroviral therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
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- CD28-negative CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-infected adults enrolled in adult clinical trials group studies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Trial
- Induction of strong HIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses using an HIV-1 gp120/NefTat vaccine adjuvanted with AS02A in antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected individuals.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of early versus standard antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults in Haiti.PLoS medicine · 2011Trial
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- Relationship between CD4+ T-cell counts/HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load and AIDS-defining events among persons followed in the ACTG longitudinal linked randomized trials study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2010Trial
- Long-term increase in CD4+ T-cell counts during combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2010Trial
- Dynamic prediction of HIV-related incomplete immune reconstitution: A multicenter, large cohort study using advanced joint modeling.Science advances · 2026Article
- Single-cell characterization of the CD8Virology journal · 2026Article
- Determinants of immune recovery and survival in HIV late presenters: a retrospective cohort study from Southwest China.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Effect of anti-CD4 mAb induced by inhibiting B cell disorder on immune reconstruction of HIV-infected immunological non-responders.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Prognostic Value of Procalcitonin in Febrile People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH) Admitted to the Emergency Department.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInitiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in higher total CD4 cell counts, a surrogate for immune reconstitution. Whether the baseline CD4 cell count affects reconstitution of immune cell subsets has not been well characterized.
methodsUsing data from 978 patients (621 with comprehensive immunological assessments) from the AIDS [Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome] Clinical Trials Group protocol 384, a randomized trial of initial ART, we compared reconstitution of CD4(+), CD4(+) naive and memory, CD4(+) activation, CD8(+), CD8(+) activation, B, and natural killer cells among patients in different baseline CD4(+) strata. Reference ranges for T cell populations in control patients negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were calculated using data from AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol A5113.
resultsPatients in the lower baseline CD4(+) strata did not achieve total CD4(+) cell counts similar to those of patients in the higher strata during 144 weeks of ART, although CD4(+) cell count increases were similar. Ratios of CD4(+) naive-memory cell counts and CD4(+):CD8(+) cell counts remained significantly reduced in patients with lower baseline CD4(+) cell counts (<or=350 cells/mm(3)). These immune imbalances were most notable for those initiating ART with a baseline CD4(+) cell count <or=200 cells/mm(3), even after adjustment for baseline plasma HIV RNA levels.
conclusionsAfter nearly 3 years of ART, T cell subsets in patients with baseline CD4(+) cell counts >350 cells/mm(3) achieved or approached the reference range those of control individuals without HIV infection. In contrast, patients who began ART with <or=350 CD4(+) cells/mm(3) generally did not regain normal CD4(+) naive-memory cell ratios. These results support current guidelines to start ART at a threshold of 350 cells/mm(3) and suggest that there may be immunological benefits associated with initiating therapy at even higher CD4(+) cell counts.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.