ReviewSeminars in nephrology2009
Why is protein-energy wasting associated with mortality in chronic kidney disease?
Review in Seminars in nephrology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Telitacicept for IgA nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary energy requirements in relatively healthy maintenance hemodialysis patients estimated from long-term metabolic studies.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Association between blood cadmium levels and malnutrition in peritoneal dialysis.BMC nephrology · 2014Trial
- Construction and validation of an identification model for frailty in maintenance hemodialysis patients using multiple machine learning algorithms: a cross-sectional study of retrospectively collected data.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Association of serum butyrylcholinesterase with concurrent dry-weight change in maintenance hemodialysis: a retrospective longitudinal study.BMC nephrology · 2026Observational
- The association between body mass index and mortality in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease is different in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Oral Nutritional Supplement Adherence and Nutritional Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients-A Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Declining Serum Albumin With Stable Body Mass Index: A Mortality Indicator in Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation · 2025Article
- Impact of nutritional status and pulmonary function on short- and long-term overall survival in hemodialysis patients.PloS one · 2025Article
- A Comparative Analysis of the SARC-F Questionnaire and the Malnutrition-Inflammation Score for Sarcopenia Risk Assessment and Negative Outcome Probability in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Geriatric nutrition risk index in the prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults with hyperlipidemia: NHANES 1999-2018.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Screening for protein energy wasting in children with chronic kidney disease using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry as an additional tool.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Sarcopenia diagnosed by ultrasound-assessed quadriceps muscle thickness and handgrip strength predicts mortality in patients on hemodialysis.Journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and First-Year Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Relationships between blood bone metabolic biomarkers and anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.Renal failure · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of Albumin and Globulin with Mortality Risk in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Total iron binding capacity is a predictor for muscle loss in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2022Article
- Comparison of geriatric nutritional risk index and creatinine index in short-term mortality prediction in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
- Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to muscle loss in chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2022Review
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Observational studies in chronic kidney disease (CKD) populations consistently have shown the strong mortality-predictability of such markers of protein-energy wasting (PEW) as hypoalbuminemia, low serum cholesterol levels, low body mass index, and reduced dietary protein intake. Even though the PEW-mortality association data traditionally are reported mostly in maintenance dialysis patients, emerging studies extend the existence of these associations to predialysis stages of CKD. Paradoxic risk factor patterns (reverse epidemiology) for both obesity and cholesterol recently have been reported in predialysis CKD, underscoring the overwhelming impact of PEW, a short-term killer, on reversing the long-term effect of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms have been suggested to explain the link between PEW and mortality in CKD, including derangements in muscle, adipose tissue, and the gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, and immune systems; complications related to deficiencies of multiple micronutrients; and the maladaptive activation of the inflammatory cascade. In addition to well-described pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the higher mortality seen with PEW, we also discuss the potential role of novel factors such as circulating actin, gelsolin, and proinflammatory high-density lipoprotein. Whether PEW is causally related to adverse outcomes in CKD needs to be verified in randomized controlled trials of nutritional interventions. The initiation of major clinical trials targeting nutritional interventions with the goal of improving survival in CKD offer the promise of extending the survival of this vulnerable patient population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.