ArticleAnalytical chemistry2009
Combined charged residue-field emission model of macromolecular electrospray ionization.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Native Protein Charging in Electrosprayed Droplets with Experimentally Relevant Compositions.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Revealing the Fates of Proteins in the Gas Phase.International journal of mass spectrometry · 2024Article
- Dynamics of Rayleigh Fission Processes in ∼100 nm Charged Aqueous Nanodrops.ACS central science · 2023Article
- Release of nanodiscs from charged nano-droplets in the electrospray ionization revealed by molecular dynamics simulations.Communications chemistry · 2023Article
- Article
- Surface Activity of Amines Provides Evidence for the Combined ESI Mechanism of Charge Reduction for Protein Complexes.Analytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Multiply Charged Cation Attachment to Facilitate Mass Measurement in Negative-Mode Native Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Native mass spectrometry and gas-phase fragmentation provide rapid and in-depth topological characterization of a PROTAC ternary complex.Cell chemical biology · 2021Article
- Current perspectives on supercharging reagents in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.RSC advances · 2021Review
- Direct observation of ion emission from charged aqueous nanodrops: effects on gaseous macromolecular charging.Chemical science · 2021Article
- Charge Reduction of Membrane Proteins in Native Mass Spectrometry Using Alkali Metal Acetate Salts.Analytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Ion Mobility and Surface Collisions: Submicrometer Capillaries Can Produce Native-like Protein Complexes.Analytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Collision-Induced Unfolding Is Sensitive to the Polarity of Proteins and Protein Complexes.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2019Article
- Electrospray Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles with Transferrin for Cerenkov Radiation Induced Cancer Therapy.ACS applied bio materials · 2019Article
- On the mechanism of protein supercharging in electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry: Effects on charging of additives with short- and long-chain alkyl constituents with carbonate and sulphite terminal groups.Analytica chimica acta: X · 2019Article
- Strengths and Weaknesses of Molecular Simulations of Electrosprayed Droplets.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2018Article
- Comprehensive Peptide Ion Structure Studies Using Ion Mobility Techniques: Part 3. Relating Solution-Phase to Gas-Phase Structures.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2018Article
- Hydrodynamic electrospray ionization jetting of calcium alginate particles: effect of spray-mode, spraying distance and concentration.RSC advances · 2018Article
- Lipid binding attenuates channel closure of the outer membrane protein OmpF.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Charging and Release Mechanisms of Flexible Macromolecules in Droplets.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanism of the multiple charging of macromolecules in electrospray ionization (ESI) continues to inspire debate and controversy. Recently, we proposed that the number of charges on a macromolecule is determined by the emission of small charge carriers from macromolecule-containing nanodroplets and that, after solvent evaporation, the remaining charge is transferred to the macromolecule. In this study, we tested the applicability of this new theory for macromolecular, positive-ion ESI mass spectrometry by measuring the mean charge states and charge distributions of globular proteins under non-denaturing and denaturing conditions. Predictions of protein mean charge states for native state proteins are in excellent agreement with mass spectrometric measurements, giving strong credence to the proposed theory. Theoretical predictions are also in good agreement with mean charge states measured for proteins in basic solutions (pH = 11.5). For some proteins in acidic solutions (pH = 2.1), the measured mean charge states are anomalously higher than the Rayleigh limit of a water droplet with a volume equivalent to that of the protein. We propose that some macromolecules that are highly charged in solution may desorb from charged droplets of the same polarity in a similar manner to that whereby charge carriers emit from nanodroplets, leading to "supercharged" macromolecular ions. Examination of rate expressions for solvent evaporation and charge-carrier emission demonstrates that the newly proposed model for ESI is consistent with previously reported ion-emission kinetics. Overall, we obtained additional experimental evidence for the charge carrier emission model for macromolecular charging, suggesting opportunities for understanding and applying ESI-MS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.