ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical sciences2009
Iontophoretically enhanced ciclopirox delivery into and across human nail plate.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanocarriers in Ungual Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Design, Development, and Evaluation of Constant Voltage Iontophoresis for the Transungual Delivery of Efinaconazole.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Iontophoresis application for drug delivery in high resistivity membranes: nails and teeth.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- Iontophoresis to Overcome the Challenge of Nail Permeation: Considerations and Optimizations for Successful Ungual Drug Delivery.The AAPS journal · 2021Review
- Understanding the formidable nail barrier: A review of the nail microstructure, composition and diseases.Mycoses · 2017Review
- Transungual permeation: current insights.Drug delivery and translational research · 2016Review
- Trans-ungual delivery of itraconazole hydrochloride by iontophoresis.Drug development and industrial pharmacy · 2015Article
- Lateral drug diffusion in human nails.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2014Article
- Microemulsion-based antifungal gel delivery to nail for the treatment of onychomycosis: formulation, optimization, and efficacy studies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2012Article
- Influence of pH on transungual passive and iontophoretic transport.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2010Article
- Time-dependent electrical properties of human nail upon hydration in vivo.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2010Article
- Effects of ionic strength on passive and iontophoretic transport of cationic permeant across human nail.Pharmaceutical research · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transungual delivery of antifungal drugs is hindered by the low permeability of human nail plates, and as such, repeated dosing over a long period of time is necessary for effective treatment. The objectives of this study were to explore the possibilities of (a) enhancing the delivery of ciclopirox (CIC) across human nail plates and (b) sustaining CIC delivery from the larger resultant drug depot in the nail plates with constant voltage iontophoresis. In vitro passive and 9 V cathodal iontophoretic transport experiments of CIC across human nails were performed. Transungual CIC delivery with Penlac was the control. The amounts of CIC released from and deposited in the nails were determined in drug release and extraction experiments, respectively. Iontophoresis increased the flux of CIC permeated across the nail approximately 10 times compared to passive delivery from the same formulation or from Penlac. A significant amount of CIC was loaded into and released from the nails; the CIC concentrations were estimated to be above the minimum inhibitory concentrations of CIC for dermatophytic molds. The apparent transport lag time decreased in iontophoretic transport. The results demonstrate that iontophoresis was able to deliver an effective amount of CIC into and across the nails, and this suggests the feasibility of a constant voltage battery-powered transungual iontophoretic device.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.