Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19115059›Full record

ArticlePlant cell reports2009

Efficient, reproducible Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum using heat treatment of immature embryos.

Songul Gurel, Ekrem Gurel, Rajvinder Kaur, Joshua Wong, Ling Meng, Han-Qi Tan, Peggy G Lemaux

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Plant cell reports, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Efficient Embryogenic Callus Induction andPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Sorghum as a monocot model for drought research.Frontiers in plant science · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. PeerJ · 2021
    Article
  12. Biodesign research · 2020
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Improvement ofPlant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2019
    Article
  16. Down-Regulation ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2019
    Article
  17. An efficient and reproduciblePlant methods · 2019
    Article
  18. Progress in Optimization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2018
    Review
  19. Development of a stablePlant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2018
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Songul GurelDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Ekrem Gurel
Rajvinder Kaur
Joshua Wong
Ling Meng
Han-Qi Tan
Peggy G Lemaux

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A number of parameters related to Agrobacterium-mediated infection were tested to optimize transformation frequencies of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). A plasmid with a selectable marker, phosphomannose isomerase, and an sgfp reporter gene was used. First, storing immature spikes at 4 degrees C before use decreased frequency of GFP-expressing calli, for example, in sorghum variety P898012 from 22.5% at 0 day to 6.4% at 5 days. Next, heating immature embryos (IEs) at various temperatures for 3 min prior to Agrobacterium infection increased frequencies of GFP-expressing calli, of mannose-selected calli and of transformed calli. The optimal 43 degrees C heat treatment increased transformation frequencies from 2.6% with no heat to 7.6%. Using different heating times at 43 degrees C prior to infection showed 3 min was optimal. Centrifuging IEs with no heat or heating at various temperatures decreased frequencies of all tissue responses; however, both heat and centrifugation increased de-differentiation of tissue. If IEs were cooled at 25 degrees C versus on ice after heating and prior to infection, numbers with GFP-expressing cells increased from 34.2 to 49.1%. The most optimal treatment, 43 degrees C for 3 min, cooling at 25 degrees C and no centrifugation, yielded 49.1% GFP-expressing calli and 8.3% stable transformation frequency. Transformation frequencies greater than 7% were routinely observed using similar treatments over 5 months of testing. This reproducible frequency, calculated as numbers of independent IEs producing regenerable transgenic tissues, confirmed by PCR, western and DNA hybridization analysis, divided by total numbers of IEs infected, is several-fold higher than published frequencies.

Indexed as

Gene Transfer TechniquesHot TemperatureGene Expression Regulation, PlantGenes, ReporterGreen Fluorescent ProteinsPlants, Genetically ModifiedRhizobiumSorghumTransformation, GeneticGreen Fluorescent Proteins

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.