ArticleJournal of bacteriology2009
Three Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rel toxin-antitoxin modules inhibit mycobacterial growth and are expressed in infected human macrophages.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Overview of Type II and III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems with a Focus on Druggability.Toxins · 2018Pooled it
- Structural and functional characterization of VapBC52 toxin-antitoxin system from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Ribonuclease toxin RelE1 inhibits growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through specific cleavage of the ribosomal anti-Shine-Dalgarno region.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Ser/Thr phosphorylation ofmBio · 2025Article
- Gene Regulatory Mechanism of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis during Dormancy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Discovery of a novel type IIb RelBE toxin-antitoxin system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis defined by co-regulation with an antisense RNA.Molecular microbiology · 2022Article
- Advances in the Study of Bacterial Toxins, Their Roles and Mechanisms in Pathogenesis.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2022Review
- Cellular functions of the ClpP protease impacting bacterial virulence.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Functional Characterization of theMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Mobilome Analysis ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- RNA Regulated Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- HigB1 Toxin inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Review
- RHS-elements function as type II toxin-antitoxin modules that regulate intra-macrophage replication of Salmonella Typhimurium.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- Persistence of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens-With a Focus on the Metabolic Perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Repertoire and Diversity of Toxin - Antitoxin Systems of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-InvasiveFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Toxin-mediated ribosome stalling reprograms the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Accurate target identification for Mycobacterium tuberculosis endoribonuclease toxins requires expression in their native host.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- A Toxin-Antitoxin System VapBC15 from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Shows Distinct Regulatory Features.Genes · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein pairs Rv1246c-Rv1247c, Rv2865-Rv2866, and Rv3357-Rv3358, here named RelBE, RelFG, and RelJK, respectively, were identified based on homology to the Escherichia coli RelBE toxin:antitoxin (TA) module. In this study, we have characterized each Rel protein pair and have established that they are functional TA modules. Overexpression of individual M. tuberculosis rel toxin genes relE, relG, and relK induced growth arrest in Mycobacterium smegmatis; a phenotype that was completely reversible by expression of their cognate antitoxin genes, relB, relF, and relJ, respectively. We also provide evidence that RelB and RelE interact directly, both in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of the genetic organization and regulation established that relBE, relFG, and relJK form bicistronic operons that are cotranscribed and autoregulated, in a manner unlike typical TA modules. RelB and RelF act as transcriptional activators, inducing expression of their respective promoters. However, RelBE, RelFG, and RelJK (together) repress expression to basal levels of activity, while RelJ represses promoter activity altogether. Finally, we have determined that all six rel genes are expressed in broth-grown M. tuberculosis, whereas relE, relF, and relK are expressed during infection of human macrophages. This is the first demonstration of M. tuberculosis expressing TA modules in broth culture and during infection of human macrophages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.