ArticleBMC health services research2008
Standardisation of rates using logistic regression: a comparison with the direct method.
Article in BMC health services research, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and factors associated with multimorbidity among primary care patients with decreased renal function.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Design and outline of the Healthy Pregnancy 4 All study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2014Trial
- Factors Associated With First Occurrences of Child Maltreatment in Military Families.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Suicidal Behavior in US Army Special Operations Forces.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Monitoring, Treatment, and Control of Type 2 Diabetes by Race and Sexual Orientation Among Males with HIV.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2024Article
- Malnutrition in hospitalized adults in the United States, 2016-2019.Journal of hospital medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Diabetes by BMI: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015-2017) and U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018).AJPM focus · 2024Article
- Trend Toward Older Maternal Age Contributed To Growing Racial Inequity In Very-Low-Birthweight Infants In The US.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2023Article
- Mental disorders, COVID-19-related life-saving measures and mortality in France: A nationwide cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Use of long-term services and supports among dual-eligible beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Patient Characteristics Associated With Occurrence of Preoperative Goals-of-Care Conversations.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Hospital healthcare utilizers with medical and psychiatric claims in the Netherlands: a nationwide study.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Assessing the effect of a regional integrated care model over ten years using quality indicators based on claims data - the basic statistical methodology of the INTEGRAL project.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Risk of suicide attempt in reserve versus active component soldiers during deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2022Article
- Body mass index was linked with multi-cardiometabolic abnormalities in Chinese children and adolescents: a community-based survey.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Prevalence of hyperuricemia and the population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors: Evidence from a general population cohort in China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Joint Effect of Beer, Spirits Intake, and Excess Adiposity on Hyperuricemia Among Chinese Male Adults: Evidence From the China National Health Survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- The Effect of Body Weight and Alcohol Consumption on Hyperuricemia and Their Population Attributable Fractions: A National Health Survey in China.Obesity facts · 2022Article
- Intergenerational educational mobility and type 2 diabetes in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging.Annals of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Treatment and control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension in Inner Mongolia: A cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStandardisation of rates in health services research is generally undertaken using the direct and indirect arithmetic methods. These methods can produce unreliable estimates when the calculations are based on small numbers. Regression based methods are available but are rarely applied in practice. This study demonstrates the advantages of using logistic regression to obtain smoothed standardised estimates of the prevalence of rare disease in the presence of covariates.
methodsStep by step worked examples of the logistic and direct methods are presented utilising data from BETS, an observational study designed to estimate the prevalence of subclinical thyroid disease in the elderly. Rates calculated by the direct method were standardised by sex and age categories, whereas rates by the logistic method were standardised by sex and age as a continuous variable.
resultsThe two methods produce estimates of similar magnitude when standardising by age and sex. The standard errors produced by the logistic method were lower than the conventional direct method.
conclusionRegression based standardisation is a practical alternative to the direct method. It produces more reliable estimates than the direct or indirect method when the calculations are based on small numbers. It has greater flexibility in factor selection and allows standardisation by both continuous and categorical variables. It therefore allows standardisation to be performed in situations where the direct method would give unreliable results.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.