ArticleJournal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research2009
Dietary calcium and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in relation to BMD among U.S. adults.
Article in Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 250 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calcium, vitamin D, or combined supplementation to prevent fractures and falls: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Tai chi for treating osteopenia and primary osteoporosis: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Clinical interventions in aging · 2019Pooled it
- Treatment of osteoporosis with eldecalcitol, a new vitamin D analog: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Drug design, development and therapy · 2016Pooled it
- Vitamin D in adult health and disease: a review and guideline statement from Osteoporosis Canada (summary).CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2010Guideline
- Vitamin D in adult health and disease: a review and guideline statement from Osteoporosis Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2010Guideline
- Trial
- Optimum dose of vitamin D for disease prevention in older people: BEST-D trial of vitamin D in primary care.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Trial
- Differential effects of calcium- and vitamin D-fortified milk with FOS-inulin compared to regular milk, on bone biomarkers in Chinese pre- and postmenopausal women.European journal of nutrition · 2016Trial
- Associations between vitamin D metabolites, antiretroviral therapy and bone mineral density in people with HIV.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of daily versus monthly vitamin D3 supplementation in non-lactating women.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Trial
- High-calcium, vitamin D fortified milk is effective in improving bone turnover markers and vitamin D status in healthy postmenopausal Chinese women.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Trial
- The effect of combined calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation on bone mineral density in elderly women with moderate chronic kidney disease.Clinical nephrology · 2012Trial
- Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in women aged 65-71 years: a 3-year randomized population-based trial (OSTPRE-FPS).Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2010Trial
- Vitamin D Status and Supplementation and the Functional Outcomes of Human Musculoskeletal Tissues: A Stratified Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Influence of Dietary Calcium Intake on Skeletal Health and Body Composition in an Italian Elderly Population.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The essential role of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation in the osteoporosis scenario in italy: Expert opinion paper.Archives of osteoporosis · 2024Review
- Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fasting blood glucose in osteoporosis patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effects of Bazedoxifene/Vitamin D Combination Therapy on Serum Vitamin D Levels and Bone Turnover Markers in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of bone metabolism · 2023Article
- Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A higher calcium intake is still the primary recommendation for the prevention of osteoporosis, whereas vitamin D deficiency is often not addressed. To study the relative importance of dietary calcium intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status in regard to hip BMD, 4958 community-dwelling women and 5003 men >/=20 yr of age from the U.S. NHANES III population-based survey were studied. Calcium supplement users and individuals with a prior radius or hip fracture were excluded. We calculated standardized means for BMD by quartiles of sex-specific calcium intake for three 25(OH)D categories (<50, 50-74, and 75+ nM) among men and women, separately controlling for other important predictors of BMD. A higher calcium intake was significantly associated with higher BMD (p value for trend: p = 0.005) only for women with 25(OH)D status <50 nM, whereas calcium intake beyond the upper end of the lowest quartile (>566 mg/d) was not significantly associated with BMD at 25(OH)D concentrations >50 nM. Among men, there was no significant association between a higher calcium intake beyond the upper end of the lowest quartile (626 mg/d) and BMD within all 25(OH)D categories. Among both sexes, BMD increased stepwise and significantly with higher 25(OH)D concentrations (<50, 50-74, 75+ nM; p value for trend: women < 0.0001; men = 0.0001). Among men and women, 25(OH)D status seems to be the dominant predictor of BMD relative to calcium intake. Only women with 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nM seem to benefit from a higher calcium intake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.