Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19110538›Full record

ReviewJournal of human hypertension2009

A comprehensive review on salt and health and current experience of worldwide salt reduction programmes.

F J He, G A MacGregor

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of human hypertension, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 386 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
386citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
31.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

386 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,110 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Systematic Review on International Salt Reduction Policy in Restaurants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
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  10. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019
    Guideline
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326 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

F J HeBlood Pressure Unit, Cardiac and Vascular Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK. fhe@sgul.ac.uk
G A MacGregor
St George's, University of London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Raised blood pressure (BP), cholesterol and smoking, are the major risk factors. Among these, raised BP is the most important cause, accounting for 62% of strokes and 49% of coronary heart disease. Importantly, the risk is throughout the range of BP, starting at systolic 115 mm Hg. There is strong evidence that our current consumption of salt is the major factor increasing BP and thereby CVD. Furthermore, a high salt diet may have direct harmful effects independent of its effect on BP, for example, increasing the risk of stroke, left ventricular hypertrophy and renal disease. Increasing evidence also suggests that salt intake is related to obesity through soft drink consumption, associated with renal stones and osteoporosis and is probably a major cause of stomach cancer. In most developed countries, a reduction in salt intake can be achieved by a gradual and sustained reduction in the amount of salt added to food by the food industry. In other countries where most of the salt consumed comes from salt added during cooking or from sauces, a public health campaign is needed to encourage consumers to use less salt. Several countries have already reduced salt intake, for example, Japan (1960-1970), Finland (1975 onwards) and now the United Kingdom. The challenge is to spread this out to all other countries. A modest reduction in population salt intake worldwide will result in a major improvement in public health.

Indexed as

Diet, Sodium-RestrictedGlobal HealthHealth PromotionNational Health ProgramsRisk Reduction BehaviorAdolescentAdultAnimalsBlood PressureCardiovascular DiseasesChildChild, PreschoolFeeding BehaviorGovernment RegulationHumansHypertensionSodium Chloride, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID19110538
OpenAlexW2059804305

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.