ReviewGastroenterology2009
Roles of infection, inflammation, and the immune system in cholesterol gallstone formation.
Review in Gastroenterology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intestinal microbiota and biliary system diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- The Relationship betweenCanadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Pooled it
- Periodontitis as a potential predisposing factor for gallstone cholecystitis: exploring the role of chronic systemic inflammation.Surgery today · 2026Observational
- EnhancedInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Aquaporin membrane channels in the hepatobiliary tract: a model of complexity and clinical implications in health and disease.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Axis in Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Gallbladder Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Article
- Interplay between NOD1 polymorphisms and gene expression in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Link Between High-Density Lipoprotein-Related Inflammatory Indices and Gallstone Disease in U.S. Adults.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Trends in Depression and Its Association With Gallstones: Evidence From NHANES With Exploration of Mediating Pathways.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Weekend warrior physical activity patterns can reduce the risk of gallstone formation: NHANES 2017-2020 and Mendelian randomization analyses.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- The associations between diet-induced inflammation and health outcomes: a population-based phenome-wide association study.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Association between dietary fiber intake and gallstones among American adults: a cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio as a predictor of gallstones in US adults: a NHANES-based cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Risk factors and clinical characteristics of occult pancreaticobiliary reflux in benign gallbladder diseases.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Association between conicity index and gallstone disease: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017-2020.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Association between C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio and gallstones: a cross-sectional study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- The association between inflammatory biomarkers and gallstones in Americans under 50 years old.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Formation of non-cholesterol gallstones in populations within clonorchiasis endemic regions is closely related to Clonorchis sinensis infection.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Association between platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and gallstone prevalence in the American adult population: a cross-sectional study analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone formation is a complex process mediated by genetic and environmental factors. Until recently, the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones was not considered a valid topic of research interest. This review collates and interprets an extensive body of basic literature, some of which is not customarily considered to be related to cholelithogenesis, describing the multiple facets of the immune system that appear to be involved in cholesterol cholelithogenesis. A thorough understanding of the immune interactions with biliary lipids and cholecystocytes should modify current views of the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones, promote further research on the pathways involved, and lead to novel diagnostic tools, treatments, and preventive measures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.