ArticleJournal of virology2009
Regulation of APOBEC3 proteins by a novel YXXL motif in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVagm Vif.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Inhibitory Factors Act in the Late Phase of HIV-1 Replication: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2018Pooled it
- HIV Genome-Wide Protein Associations: a Review of 30 Years of Research.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2016Pooled it
- Strain-specific epistasis shapes fitness landscapes of APOBEC3G antagonism by HIV-1 Vif proteins.Science advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Stress granules at the crossroads of retroviral replication and antiviral immunity: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Fitness Landscapes of APOBEC3G Antagonism by HIV-1 Vif proteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- APOBEC3G Antagonism by Vif, or When Structure Meets Biological and Evolutionary Studies.Annual review of virology · 2025Review
- Variability in HIV-1 transmitted/founder virus susceptibility to combined APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G host restriction.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Direct inhibition of human APOBEC3 deaminases by HIV-1 Vif independent of the proteolysis pathway.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Vif protein sequence variations in South African people living with HIV and their influence on Vif-APOBEC3G interaction.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- HIV-1 VIF and human APOBEC3G interaction directly observed through molecular specific labeling using a new dual promotor vector.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2022Article
- Structural perspectives on HIV-1 Vif and APOBEC3 restriction factor interactions.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2020Review
- Dual Functionality of HIV-1 Vif in APOBEC3 Counteraction and Cell Cycle Arrest.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Structural Basis for a Species-Specific Determinant of an SIV Vif Protein toward Hominid APOBEC3G Antagonism.Cell host & microbe · 2019Article
- Structural basis of antagonism of human APOBEC3F by HIV-1 Vif.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2019Article
- The role of MHC class I gene products in SIV infection of macaques.Immunogenetics · 2017Review
- Conserved Interaction of Lentiviral Vif Molecules with HIV-1 Gag and Differential Effects of Species-Specific Vif on Virus Production.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Are Evolution and the Intracellular Innate Immune System Key Determinants in HIV Transmission?Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vif N-Terminal Residues Selectively Counteract Feline APOBEC3s.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- The APOBEC Protein Family: United by Structure, Divergent in Function.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2016Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases are potent antiviral factors that restrict the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells, the viral accessory protein Vif binds to APOBEC3G (A3G), APOBEC3F (A3F), and APOBEC3C (A3C) and targets these proteins for polyubiquitination by forming an E3 ubiquitin ligase with cullin 5. Previous studies identified regions of HIV-1 Vif, 40YRHHY44 and 12QVDRMR17, which are important for interaction with A3G and A3F, respectively, and showed that Vif residues 54 to 71 are sufficient for A3G binding. Here, we identify 69YXXL72 as a novel conserved motif in HIV-1 Vif that mediates binding to human A3G and its subsequent degradation. Studies on other APOBEC3 proteins revealed that Tyr69 and Leu72 are important for the degradation of A3F and A3C as well. Similar to A3F, A3C regulation is also mediated by Vif residues 12QVDRMR17. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Vif was shown to bind and degrade African green monkey A3G (agmA3G) and, unexpectedly, human A3C. The YXXL motif of SIVagm Vif was important for the inactivation of agmA3G and human A3C. Unlike HIV-1 Vif, however, SIVagm Vif does not require Tyr40 and His43 for agmA3G degradation. Tyr69 in the YXXL motif was critical for binding of recombinant glutathione S-transferase-Vif(1-94) to A3G in vitro. These results suggest that the YXXL motif in Vif is a potential target for small-molecule inhibitors to block Vif interaction with A3G, A3F, and A3C, and thereby protect cells against HIV-1 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.