ArticleJournal of virology2009
Role of conserved cysteines in the alphavirus E3 protein.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maturation-deficient chikungunya virus elicits protective immune responses in a murine challenge model.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Alphavirus Virulence Determinants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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- Palmitoylation of Sindbis Virus TF Protein Regulates Its Plasma Membrane Localization and Subsequent Incorporation into Virions.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- An in vitro recombination-based reverse genetic system for rapid mutagenesis of structural genes of the Japanese encephalitis virus.Virologica Sinica · 2015Article
- Article
- Fusion of mApple and Venus fluorescent proteins to the Sindbis virus E2 protein leads to different cell-binding properties.Virus research · 2013Article
- Longitudinal analysis of the human antibody response to Chikungunya virus infection: implications for serodiagnosis and vaccine development.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- The alphavirus E3 glycoprotein functions in a clade-specific manner.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Mutating conserved cysteines in the alphavirus e2 glycoprotein causes virus-specific assembly defects.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Virus assembly, allostery and antivirals.Trends in microbiology · 2011Review
- SARS-coronavirus spike S2 domain flanked by cysteine residues C822 and C833 is important for activation of membrane fusion.Virology · 2009Article
- Replication cycle of chikungunya: a re-emerging arbovirus.Virology · 2009Review
- A structural and functional perspective of alphavirus replication and assembly.Future microbiology · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alphavirus particles are covered by 80 glycoprotein spikes that are essential for viral entry. Spikes consist of the E2 receptor binding protein and the E1 fusion protein. Spike assembly occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, where E1 associates with pE2, a precursor containing E3 and E2 proteins. E3 is a small, cysteine-rich, extracellular glycoprotein that mediates proper folding of pE2 and its subsequent association with E1. In addition, cleavage of E3 from the assembled spike is required to make the virus particles efficiently fusion competent. We have found that the E3 protein in Sindbis virus contains one disulfide bond between residues Cys19 and Cys25. Replacing either of these two critical cysteines resulted in mutants with attenuated titers. Replacing both cysteines with either alanine or serine resulted in double mutants that were lethal. Insertion of additional cysteines based on E3 proteins from other alphaviruses resulted in either sequential or nested disulfide bond patterns. E3 sequences that formed sequential disulfides yielded virus with near-wild-type titers, while those that contained nested disulfide bonds had attenuated activity. Our data indicate that the role of the cysteine residues in E3 is not primarily structural. We hypothesize that E3 has an enzymatic or functional role in virus assembly, and these possibilities are further discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.