ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2009
Functional anergy in a subpopulation of naive B cells from healthy humans that express autoreactive immunoglobulin receptors.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lymphocytes as Biomarkers of Therapeutic Response in Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases, Is It a Realistic Goal?Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2017Pooled it
- Redemption of autoantibodies on anergic B cells by variable-region glycosylation and mutation away from self-reactivity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Trial
- Altered B cell homeostasis is associated with type I diabetes and carriers of the PTPN22 allelic variant.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Trial
- Activation of Anergic B Cells During Development of Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Epigenetic regulation of B cell tolerance and dysfunction in autoimmune disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Virus-like antigen display delivers a stand-alone danger signal through the BCR that circumvents tolerance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Naturally self-reactive B cells are poised to cross the selection barrier into autoimmune germinal centers.Cell reports · 2026Article
- The emerging role of B cells in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Understanding the Immune System's Intricate Balance: Activation, Tolerance, and Self-Protection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Human naïve B cells show evidence of anergy and clonal redemption following vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Critical roles of chronic BCR signaling in the differentiation of anergic B cells into age-associated B cells in aging and autoimmunity.Science advances · 2025Article
- De novo antibody identification in human blood from full-length single B cell transcriptomics and matching haplotype-resolved germline assemblies.Genome research · 2025Article
- Deciphering Autoimmune Diseases: Unveiling the Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Potential of Immune Repertoire Sequencing.Inflammation · 2025Review
- Gut IgA functionally interacts with systemic IgG to enhance antipneumococcal vaccine responses.Science advances · 2025Article
- Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-SSA antibody in the Chinese health screening population.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- B cell tolerance and autoimmunity: Lessons from repertoires.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Failed Downregulation of PI3K Signaling Makes Autoreactive B Cells Receptive to Bystander T Cell Help.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Systems biology of B cells in COVID-19.Seminars in immunology · 2024Review
- IgDPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Self-reactive B cells not controlled by receptor editing or clonal deletion may become anergic. We report that fully mature human B cells negative for surface IgM and retaining only IgD are autoreactive and functionally attenuated (referred to as naive IgD(+)IgM(-) B cells [B(ND)]). These B(ND) cells typically make up 2.5% of B cells in the peripheral blood, have antibody variable region genes in germline (unmutated) configuration, and, by all current measures, are fully mature. Analysis of 95 recombinant antibodies expressed from the variable genes of single B(ND) cells demonstrated that they are predominantly autoreactive, binding to HEp-2 cell antigens and DNA. Upon B cell receptor cross-linkage, B(ND) cells have a reduced capacity to mobilize intracellular calcium or phosphorylate tyrosines, demonstrating that they are anergic. However, intense stimulation causes B(ND) cells to fully respond, suggesting that these cells could be the precursors of autoantibody secreting plasma cells in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. This is the first identification of a distinct mature human B cell subset that is naturally autoreactive and controlled by the tolerizing mechanism of functional anergy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.