ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Mycoplasma genitalium-encoded MG309 activates NF-kappaB via Toll-like receptors 2 and 6 to elicit proinflammatory cytokine secretion from human genital epithelial cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Associations of Genital Mycoplasmas with Female Infertility and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2021Pooled it
- Male circumcision significantly reduces prevalence and load of genital anaerobic bacteria.mBio · 2013Trial
- Inhibitory effect ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Nuclear IL-33 amplifies NF-κB signaling to drive neutrophil recruitment and activation in the endocervical epithelium duringFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- NLRP3 Inflammasome in Gynecologic Inflammatory Diseases: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Pathogenic mycoplasmas of humans regulate the long noncoding RNAs in epithelial cells.Non-coding RNA research · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2022Review
- Vaccinomics-Aided Development of a Next-Generation Chimeric Vaccine against an Emerging Threat:Vaccines · 2022Article
- Gardnerella vaginalis alters cervicovaginal epithelial cell function through microbe-specific immune responses.Microbiome · 2022Article
- Molecular Tools for TypingFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- The Impact of Selected Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases on Pregnancy and Female Fertility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Mycoplasmas-Host Interaction: Mechanisms of Inflammation and Association with Cellular Transformation.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Genotyping of Mycoplasma genitalium SuggestsJournal of clinical microbiology · 2020Article
- The penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infection.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Recent advances in understanding and combattingFaculty reviews · 2020Review
- Design and Validation of Transcription-Mediated-Amplification Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Mycoplasma genitalium.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
- Mechanisms of sexually transmitted infection-induced inflammation in women: implications for HIV risk.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Feiyangchangweiyan Capsule and Its Main Components on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Rats via the Regulation of the NF-Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2019Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Feiyangchangweiyan Capsule on Rat Pelvic Inflammatory Disease through JNK/NF-Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium has been implicated in several important reproductive tract syndromes in women, including pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, and tubal factor infertility. The mechanisms of immune activation are unclear, and we sought to determine whether M. genitalium was capable of activating innate immune responses through ligation of highly expressed Toll-like receptors (TLR) of the genital tract. Using HEK293 cells expressing specific human TLR, viable M. genitalium and the recombinant C-terminal portion of the immunogenic protein MG309 (rMG309c) were shown to activate NF-kappaB via TLR2/6. These data provided a putative mechanism for activation of the innate response in genital tissues. Genital epithelial cells (EC) are the first responders to sexually transmitted pathogens and express high levels of TLR2 and -6. Following exposure to purified rMG309c, vaginal and ecto- and endocervical EC secreted proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8. Vaginal EC were less responsive than cervical EC. The capacity of rMG309c to bind TLR2/6 and elicit inflammation was sensitive to proteinase K digestion and independent of traditional N-terminal lipoylation. Furthermore, the immunostimulatory capacity of rMG309c was localized specifically to a 91-amino-acid subfragment of the recombinant protein, suggesting that TLR activation is likely amino acid based. Together, these data indicated that human vaginal and cervical EC are immunologically responsive to M. genitalium and to purified rMG309c via highly expressed TLR of the genital tract. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms for activation of acute-phase inflammatory responses and suggest that M. genitalium colonization of reproductive tract tissues may result in inflammatory sequelae.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.