ArticleJournal of affective disorders2009
Decreased muscarinic receptor binding in the frontal cortex of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder subjects.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of scopolamine on memory and attention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Effectiveness of Muscarinic Receptor-Targeted Interventions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.CNS drugs · 2022Pooled it
- Therapygenetics in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: do genes have an impact on therapy-induced change in real-life positive affective experiences?Translational psychiatry · 2014Trial
- Integrating Pharmacodynamic Data to Prioritise Candidate Migraine Genes and Pathways Using a Novel Bioinformatics Workflow.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Baishao () and Gancao () on major depressive disorder: network pharmacology and o validation.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- Changes in the distribution of elements in the liver and various brain regions in suicides from southeastern Poland.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of the Central Cholinergic Nervous System in Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Muscarinic Receptors and Alzheimer's Disease: New Perspectives and Mechanisms.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- A growing understanding of the role of muscarinic receptors in the molecular pathology and treatment of schizophrenia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Increased thalamic gray matter volume induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in patients with major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Modulation of Muscarinic Signalling in the Central Nervous System by Steroid Hormones and Neurosteroids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Antidepressant Treatment and Manic Switch in Bipolar I Disorder: A Clinical and Molecular Genetic Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Dynamic network impairments underlie cognitive fluctuations in Lewy body dementia.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Drug Design Targeting the Muscarinic Receptors and the Implications in Central Nervous System Disorders.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Changes in cortical gene expression in the muscarinic M1 receptor knockout mouse: potential relevance to schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and cognition.NPJ schizophrenia · 2021Article
- Cellular 3D-reconstruction and analysis in the human cerebral cortex using automatic serial sections.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Control of Brain State Transitions with a Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonist.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- Inflammation as a Mechanism of Bipolar Disorder Neuroprogression.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
- M2-AChR Mediates Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Scopolamine Through Activating the mTORC1-BDNF Signaling Pathway in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDysfunction of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors has been implicated in the pathology of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the association between individual muscarinic receptors and the two disorders.
methodsWe used the muscarinic receptor selective radioligands [3H]pirenzepine, [3H]AFDX-384 and [3H]4-DAMP to measure the levels of muscarinic(1) (CHRM1) and muscarinic(4) (CHRM4) receptors, muscarinic(2) (CHRM2) and muscarinic(4) (CHRM4) receptors and muscarinic(3) (CHRM3) receptor, respectively. Radioligand binding was measured in Brodmann's area (BA) 10 of the rostral prefrontal cortex, BA 46 of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and BA 40 of the parietal cortex in the post-mortem CNS from subjects with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder and control subjects.
results[3H]AFDX-384 binding was decreased in BA 46 in both bipolar disorder (p<0.01) and major depressive disorder (p<0.05). [3H]4-DAMP binding was decreased in BA 10 in bipolar disorder (p<0.05) but not major depressive disorder (p>0.05). [3H]AFDX-384 and [3H]4-DAMP binding were unaltered in any other cortical region examined for either disorder (p>0.05). [3H]pirenzepine binding was not significantly altered in either disorder in any cortical region examined (p>0.05). LIMITATIONS: 9 bipolar disorder, 9 major depressive disorder and 19 control subjects were used in the study.
conclusionOur data is consistent with previously published data implicating a role for CHRM2 receptors in the pathology of bipolar and major depressive disorder. The demonstration of a novel association between decreased CHRM3 receptor expression and bipolar disorder suggests bipolar and major depressive disorder differs in the underlying nature of their cholinergic dysfunction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.