Trial reportThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2009
Contraceptive method at first sexual intercourse and subsequent pregnancy risk: findings from a secondary analysis of 16-year-old girls from the RIPPLE and SHARE studies.
Trial report in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behavioral interventions for improving dual-method contraceptive use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Effects of gender-transformative relationships and sexuality education to reduce adolescent pregnancy (the JACK trial): a cluster-randomised trial.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Trial
- Can Teenage Men Be Targeted to Prevent Teenage Pregnancy? A Feasibility Cluster Randomised Controlled Intervention Trial in Schools.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2018Trial
- Early childhood risk and protective factors and their association with adolescent sexual behaviors: A Latent Class Analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Associations Between Recent Contraceptive Use and First Sex Behaviors of Scottish Adolescents: A Brief Report.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2024Article
- Systematic review: risk sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections, and adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Effects of an Oral Contraceptive on Dynamic Brain States and Network Modularity in a Serial Single-Subject Study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- LGB-Affirming School Climates and Sexual Health Outcomes Among U.S. High School Students 2015-2017: Differences by Sex and Sexual Identity.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Article
- Risky Sexual Behavior Profiles in Youth: Associations With Borderline Personality Features.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Determinants of reproductive health services utilization among rural female adolescents in Asgede-Tsimbla district Northern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2019Article
- Article
- Is "Sexual Competence" at First Heterosexual Intercourse Associated With Subsequent Sexual Health Status?Journal of sex research · 2017Article
- Patterns of sexual behaviors among unmarried adolescents and youth in three Asian cities.Journal of public health policy · 2016Article
- Contribution of estradiol levels and hormonal contraceptives to sex differences within the fear network during fear conditioning and extinction.BMC psychiatry · 2015Article
- 50 years of hormonal contraception-time to find out, what it does to our brain.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2014Article
- A prospective study of the sexual, emotional, and behavioral correlates associated with young women's first and usual coital events.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeExisting failure rate studies indicate that typical use of oral contraception (OC) results in fewer unplanned pregnancies than condom use, even among teenagers. However, comparative data on pregnancy risk associated with different contraceptive methods are lacking for younger teenagers starting their first sexual relationship. This study examined associations between contraceptive method at first intercourse and subsequent pregnancy in 16-year-old girls.
methodsSix thousand three hundred forty-eight female pupils from 51 secondary schools completed a questionnaire at mean age 16 years; 2,501 girls reported sexual intercourse. Logistic regression (N = 1952) was used to model the association of contraceptive method at first intercourse with pregnancy.
resultsAt first intercourse (median age 15 years) 54% reported using condoms only, 11% dual OC and condoms, 4% OC only, 4% emergency contraception, and 21% no effective method. Method used was associated with a similar method at a most recent intercourse. One in 10 girls reported a pregnancy. When compared to use of condoms only, greater pregnancy risk was found with no effective method (odds ratio [OR] 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-4.15) or OC only (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.29-4.60). Pregnancy risk for dual use and emergency contraception did not differ from that for condoms only. Both significant effects were partially attenuated by adjusting for user characteristics and sexual activity.
conclusionsYoung teenagers may use OC less efficiently than condoms for pregnancy prevention. The characteristics of those using OC-only confirm vulnerability to unintended pregnancy, and suggest that alternative contraceptive strategies should be considered for these young women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.