ReviewHeart failure reviews2009
Phosphodiesterase inhibition in heart failure.
Review in Heart failure reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of milrinone on mortality in adult patients who underwent CABG surgery: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials with a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitor Modulates Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Electrophysiological Activities and Calcium Homeostasis via the cGMP/PKG Pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Studies on the mechanisms of action of MR33317.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Probing spatiotemporal PKA activity at the ryanodine receptor and SERCA2a nanodomains in cardomyocytes.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Article
- Long-Timescale Simulations Revealed Critical Non-Conserved Residues of Phosphodiesterases Affecting Selectivity of BAY60-7550.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Pyrazole Scaffold Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Treatment (2011-2020).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A PDE3A Promoter Polymorphism Regulates cAMP-Induced Transcriptional Activity in Failing Human Myocardium.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2019Article
- Inotropic effects of a single intravenous recommended dose of pimobendan in healthy dogs.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2019Article
- Surface Binding Energy Landscapes Affect Phosphodiesterase Isoform-Specific Inhibitor Selectivity.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2019Article
- Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) Inhibitors and the In Vivo Evaluation of F-18 Labeled PDE10A PET Tracers in Rodent and Nonhuman Primate.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2015Article
- Synthesis and in vitro characterization of cinnoline and benzimidazole analogues as phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2015Article
- Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: important signaling modulators and therapeutic targets.Oral diseases · 2015Review
- Age-related differences in phosphodiesterase activity and effects of chronic phosphodiesterase inhibition in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.Circulation. Heart failure · 2015Article
- Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A1 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2013Article
- Synthesis andMedChemComm · 2013Article
- Phosphodiesterase type 3A regulates basal myocardial contractility through interacting with sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase type 2a signaling complexes in mouse heart.Circulation research · 2013Article
- Signaling effectors underlying pathologic growth and remodeling of the heart.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2013Review
- Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new analogues as inhibitors for phosphodiesterase 10A.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2011Article
- cGMP-hydrolytic activity and its inhibition by sildenafil in normal and failing human and mouse myocardium.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity act to increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content. In total, 11 families of these enzymes-which differ with respect to affinity for cAMP and cGMP, cellular expression, intracellular localization, and mechanisms of regulation-have been identified. Inhibitors of enzymes in the PDE3 family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases raise intracellular cAMP content in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, with inotropic and, to a lesser extent, vasodilatory actions. These drugs have been used for many years in the treatment of patients with heart failure, but their long-term use has generally been shown to increase mortality through mechanisms that remain unclear. More recently, inhibitors of PDE5 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases have been used as cGMP-raising agents in vascular smooth muscle. With respect to cardiovascular disease, there is evidence that these drugs are more efficacious in the pulmonary than in the systemic vasculature, for which reason they are used principally in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Effects attributable to inhibition of myocardial PDE5 activity are less well characterized. New information indicating that enzymes from the PDE1 family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases constitute the majority of cAMP- and cGMP-hydrolytic activity in human myocardium raises questions as to their role in regulating these signaling pathways in heart failure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.